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A longer-term solution to acid rain is to prevent most of the
generated sulfur dioxide and other pollutants from entering the

atmosphere in the first place. Toward this end, smokestacks
have been designed or retrofitted to minimize the quantities of
pollutants released. Although costly, the positive effects of

these adjustments have been demonstrated. An ultimate long-
term solution, however, would be a shift from fossil fuels to

cleaner energy sources, such as nuclear and solar energy.

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reaksi kimia yang terjadi
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Carbon Dioxide Acidifies the Oceans

The amount of carbon dioxide put into the atmosphere by
human activities is growing. Surprisingly, however, the

atmospheric concentration of CO is not increasing
2
proportionately. When atmospheric CO dissolves in any body
2
of water—a raindrop, a lake, or an ocean—it forms carbonic

acid, H CO .
2
3
In fresh water, this carbonic acid transforms back to water

and carbon dioxide, which is released back into the
atmosphere. In the ocean, however, the carbonic acid is quickly
neutralized by dissolved alkaline minerals. (The ocean is

alkaline, pH = 8.1.) As discussed in the introduction to this
chapter, the products of this neutralization eventually end up on

the ocean floor as insoluble solids. Thus, carbonic acid
neutralization in the ocean prevents CO from being released
2
back into the atmosphere. The ocean, therefore, is a carbon

dioxide sink—most of the CO that goes in doesn’t come out.
2

Bahasa Inggris Kimia (PKIM3139) 31