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Universal indicators
Universal indicators are a combination of several types of
sensitive indicators in a wide pH range. Universal indicators are
available in the form of solutions, paper and bars (sticks).
Figure 14. Indikator Universal
Sumber: Wikipedia.com
pH Meter
A pH meter is an electrochemical cell that provides a high-
precision pH value. pH meters have an electrode that is
+
sensitive to the concentration of ions (H ) in the solution. Before
use, the electrode must be calibrated by dipping it into a
standard solution whose pH is known.
Figure 15. pH meter
Sumber: Wikipedia.com
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