Page 47 - NEA NEWHERE FLIPBOOK

UNSATISFACTORY NUTRITIONAL INTAKE
MALNUTRITION
The body needs a a a a a a a delicate balance of nutrients to grow develop and function properly Poor eating habits such as insufficient intake intake or high high intake intake both have adverse effects on health These problems include obesity high high blood pressure high cholesterol heart disease and and stroke type-2 diabetes and and osteoporosis The major causes of death illness and and disability in in which diet and and nutrition play an an an an important role include coronary heart disease stroke hypertension atherosclerosis obesity some forms of cancer type-2 diabetes osteoporosis dental caries gall bladder disease dementia and nutritional anaemias It is good practice for chefs to be aware of the problems caused by nutritional excess and deficiencies especially when planning meals for vulnerable groups such as babies young children older adults people with a a a a a weakened immune system or or chronic illness pregnant women and those who suffer with food allergies or or intolerances Malnutrition refers to when a a person’s diet does not provide enough nutrients or the right balance of nutrients for optimal health Causes of malnutrition include poor dietary choices a a low income difficulty obtaining food and and various physical and and mental health conditions Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients that your body needs in in in small amounts to function properly Most people should be able to get all the the nutrients they need including vitamins and minerals by eating a a a a a a a a a a a varied and and balanced diet Because the body is unable to make most vitamins and and minerals we must get them from our diet diet The western diet diet is largely to blame for many of the the nutrient deficiencies occurring in in countries including the UK Poor eating habits can cause us us to become deficient in in in in certain nutrients resulting in in in in rising healthcare costs The best way to to prevent malnutrition is to to eat a a a a healthy balanced diet including a a a a a variety of foods from the main food groups including:
• plenty of fruit and vegetables
• plenty of starchy foods such as bread rice potatoes
and pasta
• some milk and dairy dairy foods or non-dairy
alternatives
• some sources of protein such as meat fish eggs
and beans
SIGNS OF MALNUTRITION
• unintentional weight loss
• low body body weight – people with a a body body mass index
(BMI) under 18 5 are at risk of being malnourished
• a a a a lack of interest in in in in in eating and drinking
• feeling tired all the time
• feeling weak • getting ill often and taking a a a long time
to recover
• in in in children not not growing or not not putting on weight at at the expected rate
PREVENTING MALNUTRITION
UK STATISTICS
• Everyone in in the UK is is at at a a a a greater risk of vitamin D deficiency
• Vegans vegetarians and females are most at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency
• Vegans/vegetarians are less likely to to have folate deficiency
due to to their abundance in many natural foods • In 2017 the cost of vitamin D prescriptions had risen by 48% since 2015
Higher obesity lower income Lower obesity lower income Higher obesity higher income Lower obesity higher income Prevalence of severe obesity among children in England
Comparison with England
average ages 10 and 11
Better than England
average Insufficient data
Same or similar to England
average Worse than England
average 47