Page 20 - Pneumatology - A Study of the Holy Spirit

The meaning of the Hebrew word ruach (spirit)
14

The Hebrew ruach means “wind,” “breath,” or “spirit.” The corresponding Greek word
is pneuma. Both words are commonly used in passages referring to the Holy Spirit. The
word’s first use in the Bible appears in the second verse: “The Spirit of God [Ruach
Elohim] was hovering over the waters” (Genesis 1:2). In Genesis 6:17, ruach is
translated “breath of life.” Genesis 8:1 uses ruach to describe the “wind” God sent over the earth to recede
the Flood waters. Altogether, the word ruach is found almost 400 times in the Old Testament.

Often, when the Old Testament talks about the “Spirit of the Lord” or the “Spirit of God,” the word for
“Spirit” is Ruach. Use of ruach as “spirit” when not linked with God usually is in reference to the human spirit.
This can mean the actual spirit of a human (the immaterial part of humans akin to the soul) or one’s mood,
emotional state, or general disposition. Ruach, as “breath” or “wind,” can be a reference to literal breath or
wind, or it can take on a figurative meaning, such as in the idiom “a mere breath.”

God’s Ruach is the source of life. The Ruach of God is the One who gives life to all creation. We could say that
God’s Ruach has created every other (non-divine) ruach that exists. All living creatures owe the breath of life
to the Creative Spirit of God. Moses states this truth explicitly: “God . . . gives breath [ruach] to all living
things” (Numbers 27:16). Job understood this truth as well: “As long as I have life within me, the breath
[ruach] of God in my nostrils” (Job 27:3). Later, Elihu tells Job, “The Spirit of God has made me; the breath of
the Almighty gives me life” (Job 33:4).

God used the phrase Ruach Yahweh in His promise that the Messiah would be empowered by the Holy Spirit:
“The Spirit of the LORD will rest on him—the Spirit of wisdom and of understanding, the Spirit of counsel and
of might, the Spirit of the knowledge and fear of the LORD” (Isaiah 11:2; see also Isaiah 42:1). This prophecy
was fulfilled in Jesus; at His baptism in the Jordan River, John saw “the Spirit of God descending like a
doveand alighting on him” (Matthew 3:16)

The Old Testament Promise of the Indwelling Holy Spirit to the
15
Church

The outpouring of the Holy Spirit—the pouring out of God’s Spirit to fill
and indwell people—was prophesied in the Old Testament and fulfilled
at Pentecost (Acts 2). This event was predicted in the Old Testament:
in Isaiah 44:3 God said to Israel, “I will pour water on the thirsty land, and streams on the dry ground; I will
pour out my Spirit on your offspring, and my blessing on your descendants.” The Holy Spirit is pictured as the
“water of life” that saves and blesses a dying people. On the day of Pentecost, Peter quoted another
prophecy as being fulfilled: “I will pour out my Spirit on all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy,
your old men will dream dreams, your young men will see visions. Even on my servants, both men and
women, I will pour out my Spirit in those days. . . . And everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be
saved” (Joel 2:28–29, 32).

The outpouring of the Holy Spirit ushered in a new era, the church age. In the Old Testament, the Holy Spirit
was a rare gift that was only given to a few people, and usually for only short periods of time. When Saul was
anointed king of Israel, the Holy Spirit came upon him (1 Samuel 10:10), but when God removed His blessing
on Saul, the Holy Spirit left him (1 Samuel 16:14). The Holy Spirit came for specific moments or seasons in the

14 https://www.gotquestions.org/meaning-ruach.html - Used with permission
15 https://www.gotquestions.org/outpouring-of-the-Holy-Spirit.html - Used with permission
18