Page 181 - IELTS Preparation Grammar and Vocab

26 Cities

an roicth. ur 1 Living

Urban growth

En Think of a city you know well.
Which of these phrases do you associate
with it? Put a (.1).
an important commercial centre
a vibrant cultural centre
a major tourist attraction
a sprawling metropolis
gridlocked rush-hour traffic

accessible open spaces
run-down estates
affluent suburbs

steeped in history

seriously polluted

densely populated
friendly and welcoming

V
nel Choose the best words to complete the text. Vocabulary note
Urban sprawl is the unchecked spreading of a city or its This book draws attention to language
(1) suburbs/ residences. It often involves the (2) demolition I chunks of the following types:
construction of residential or commercial buildings in COLLOCATIONS = words frequently
(3) rand I environmental areas or otherwise undeveloped used together densely populated, leafy
suburbs, open spaces, violent crime
land on the (4) outskirts I neighbourhoods of a city. Typical
(5) residents I commuters of these areas live in single-family COMPOUND NOUNS = nouns made up
homes and travel by car to their jobs in the city. Concerns of two or more words: tourist attraction,
skyscraper, cost of living (See Unit 5,2.1
over urban sprawl largely focus on negative (6) costs I
for more on compound nouns.)
consequences for residents and the local
DEPENDENT PREPOSMONS = some
environntent I space. The tendency of people living in
adjectives, nouns and verbs are
these neighbourhoods to commute to work means that urban followed by particular prepositions:
sprawl is sometimes associated with increased air steeped in history, plagued by crime (See
pollution I pollutant from car exhaust fumes. Unit 24,2.1 and Unit 25, 2.2 for more
on dependent prepositions.)
19 Find words in the text which match these definitions. PHRASAL VERBS = two- or three-part
verbs with idiomatic meanings: break
1 down, get around, look forward to (See
related to towns and cities
2 Unit 25, 2.3 for more on phrasal verbs.)
related to trade or business
IDIOMS = phrases with special
3
particular part of a place
meaning that cannot be understood
4 from the individual words: go to town
not previously built on
on something, hit the road, cut and dried
5
people who live in a place
f 7 9