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PAPER PRESENTATION 2019

 List five or six words relevant with your range of topics in the Keywords

(written in italics) and capitalize only the first letter.

 Use the present tense to state the background ((optional))
 If the subject of your sentence is your study or the

article you are writing (e.g. “Our study demonstrates…,” or
“Here, we show…”), then you should use the present tense.
 Use the past tense to show what happened and what you

did ((e.g. in explaining method))
 If the subject of your sentence is an actual result or

observation (e.g. “Mice in Group B developed…”), you would
use the past tense.
 Use the present tense in writing your implications

 Try to avoid passive sentences. Sentences in passive voice
are considered unable to create interesting prose as well as
to engage the readers.
Adapted from: APA Style: Simplified, 2012 and https://wordvice.com/which-tense-should-be-used-in-abstracts-past-or-
present/


Example 1 AN ABSTRACT

Read the example of an abstract below.
a. With your friend, identify each element of the abstract by underlining it. The

elements are:
1) Background (if any)

2) Purpose of the study

3) Methods
4) Summary of results/ findings

5) Implications of your research

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