Page 14 - COSO Guidance Book

6 | Enterprise Risk Management for Cloud Computing | Thought Leadership in ERM

4. Changes in the Business Operating Environment with Cloud Computing

An organization should recognize the risks and other and the involvement of very few personnel. The equation
effects cloud computing can have on its operating of big investment equals big impact is different with cloud
environment and account for them in its ERM programs. computing, where a small investment can have a big
In some cases, cloud computing can easily enter into impact. The need to expend a great amount of effort to
an organization while bypassing typical management analyze cloud computing risks and perform the related
oversight controls. When an organization invests due diligence may be counterintuitive. Consequently,
significant resources in an endeavor that could take management could neglect to perform time-consuming
months or years to complete, conventional processes steps such as confirming compliance with legal or
and controls require management’s involvement and regulatory requirements or evaluating the potential impact
approval. Such endeavors are highly likely to attract senior of the CSP on the organization’s operations and risk profile.
management’s attention in the form of risk assessments, Exhibit 4.1 illustrates how with cloud computing, some
audits, and steering committees. of the typical control trigger points (such as personnel
resources and required finances) might not reach the
Some cloud solutions can easily be adopted within a short levels that would typically invoke the oversight of
period of time while requiring a small monetary investment senior management.

Exhibit 4.1 Cloud Solutions Can Be Adopted While Eluding Management Oversight

It is paramount that management also understands that Specifically, the maximum amount of control and least
with most cloud solutions (with the possible exception of amount of inherent risk are associated with an IaaS (private
an internal private cloud) the organization has less direct cloud) solution. In contrast, with a SaaS (public cloud)
control of the solution and consequently a higher level of solution, the organization retains the least amount of control
inherent risk. and must accept the highest level of inherent risk. In all
cases, management should evaluate the cloud deployment
For example, an organization using a SaaS (public cloud) and delivery models in the context of acceptable risk levels
solution has shifted responsibility for some or all of its as this will determine the preferred type of cloud computing
IT functions, including controls, to a third-party provider. environment and related requisite controls.
Exhibit 4.2 illustrates the degree of control the organization
retains and relinquishes, depending on the type of cloud
service delivery and the deployment model.

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