Page 96 - MDI Steel Reference Guide

Glossary of Terms
Scale - An iron oxide formed on the surface of hot steel, sometimes in the form of large sheets which fall off when the steel is rolled.
Slab - A semi-finished steel block having an oblong cross-section in which width is at least twice thickness. It differs from a bloom which has a square, cross-section.
Slitting - The longitudinal splitting of the overall width of a flat product through rotary knives mounted on a rotating arbor to reduce the original width or to cut two or more separate strips.
Stress Relieving - A process of reducing residual stresses in a metal object by heating the object to a suitable temperature and holding for a sufficient time. This treatment may be applied to relieve stresses induced by flattening, straightening, machining or welding.
Strip (HR) - Flat steel produced by rolling single width, or multiple width and cut to final specified width by slitting. Final product width is 12 inches or less.
Temper - A condition produced in sheet steel by mechanical, chemical or thermal treatment. A given steel may be in the fully softened of annealed temper, or it may be cold worked to the hard temper, or further to spring temper. Intermediate tempers produced by cold working (rolling) are called “quarter-hard”, “half-hard”, and “three- quarters hard”, and are determined by the amount of cold reduction.
Tensile Strength - The maximum tensile stress which a material is capable of sustaining. Tensile strength is calculated from the maximum load during tension test carried to rupture.
Yield Point - The load per unit of original cross-section area which a marked increase in the deformation of the specimen occurs without increase of load. It is usually calculated from the load determined by the drop of the beam of the testing machine or by use of dividers.
Yield Strength - The stress at which a material exhibits a specified deviation from proportionality of stress and stain. An offset of 0.20% is used for many metals. The point measured in PSI at which the metal cross-section will no longer return to its original shape.
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