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Obstacles to progress

Distortions

“ This 2009 report by PRA's Rev. Dr. Kapya Kaoma reveals how the U.S. Right, once
isolated in Africa for supporting pro-apartheid, White supremacist regimes – has

successfully reinvented itself as the mainstream of U.S. evangelicalism. Through their
extensive communications networks in Africa, social welfare projects, Bible schools, and
educational materials, U.S. religious conservatives warn of the dangers of homosexuals

and present themselves as the true representatives of U.S. evangelicalism, so helping to
marginalize Africans' relationships with mainline Protestant churches.”

Globalizing the Culture Wars.pdf 362
Political Research Associates (December 2009)

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“ Currently, South Africa is the only African country that legally recognizes same-sex
marriage. In addition, the Spanish territories of the Canary Islands, Ceuta and Melilla, as

well as the Portuguese territories of Madeira and the Azores Islands, the French
territories of Mayotte and Réunion and the British Overseas Territory of St. Helena,

Ascension and Tristan da Cunha recognize and perform same-sex marriage.”
"Recognition of Same-Sex Unions in Africa." 363
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The injuries inflicted by International NGO

NGO Types

“ NGO types by orientation :

Charitable Orientation
often involves a top-down paternalistic effort with little participation by the
"beneficiaries". It includes NGOs with activities directed toward meeting the needs of the

poor - distribution of food, clothing or medicine; provision of housing, transport, schools
etc. Such NGOs may also undertake relief activities during a natural or man-made

disaster.
Service Orientation
includes NGOs with activities such as the provision of health, family planning or
education services in which the programme is designed by the NGO and people are

expected to participate in its implementation and in receiving the service.
Participatory Orientation
characterized by self-help projects where local people are involved particularly in the
implementation of a project by contributing cash, tools, land, materials, labour etc. In the

classical community development project, participation begins with the need definition