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Meteorology
Meteorology
Indholdsfortegnelse Side
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 213
3.2 The atmosphere, composition and structure ............................................ 214
3.2.1 The Troposphere ..................................................................................... 214
3.2.1.1 Temperature in the Troposphere ....................................................... 215
3.2.1.2 Temperature gradient and isothermal conditions .............................. 216
3.2.2 The Stratosphere ...................................................................................... 216
3.3 Temperature and density ........................................................................... 217
3.3.1 The seasons .............................................................................................. 217
3.3.2 Solar radiation .......................................................................................... 218
3.3.2.1 Solar radiation summer and winter ............................................... 218
3.3.2.2 Solar radiation over the course of a day ............................................. 219
3.3.2.3 Daily temperature variation ................................................................ 219
3.3.2.4 The Greenhouse Effect ........................................................................ 220
3.3.2.5 Earth’s surface temperature ............................................................... 221
3.3.2.6 Temperature measurement ................................................................ 222
3.3.3 Temperature dependence on altitude and air mass ................................ 223
3.3.3.1 Dry adiabat and saturated adiabat ..................................................... 224
3.3.3.2 Stable and unstable air mass............................................................... 224
3.3.4 Inversion ................................................................................................... 225
3.3.4.1 Ground inversion ................................................................................. 225
3.3.4.2 Turbulence inversion ........................................................................... 226
3.3.4.3 Subsidience inversion / height inversion ............................................ 226
3.3.4.4 Frontal inversion and advection inversion .......................................... 226
3.3.4.5 Inversions stabilize the weather ......................................................... 227
3.3.5 Barometer, pressure and isobars ............................................................. 228
3.3.5.1 Measurement of air pressure ............................................................. 228
3.3.5.2 QFE, QFF, QNH .................................................................................... 228
3.3.5.3 Isobars ................................................................................................. 229
3.3.5.4 Surface maps ....................................................................................... 229
3.3.5.5 Ridges and troughs .............................................................................. 230
3.3.5.6 Air can be compressed ........................................................................ 230
Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© 2025 207
