Page 517 - PPL BEG-engelsk

Principles of flight

Normally we do not turn with more than 30° of bank, as it is uncomfortable for

the passengers. If we need to avoid traffic or obstacles, we can make tight turns

with up to 60° of bank. Then the addition of extra pwr. and back pressure on the

yoke as well is needed.

When flying IFR or VFR Night flight, we limit the turns to be rate 1 turn.

With a rate 1 turn, it takes 2 minutes to turn 360 degrees. When turning at rate

1, disturbance of the sense of balance is avoided and we can avoid getting

vertigo.

When turning, the lift vector tilts (blue arrow, picture on the previous page), and

now the lift is greater than the weight.

A vertical part of the lift must correspond to the weight (dashed red arrow).

The green arrow symbolizes the force required to turn the plane. We call this

force the centripetal force.

At the bottom of the image, a yellow arrow symbolizes the centrifugal force.

5.10.4.2 Bank vs. stall speed when turning

The diagram below shows how the stall speed increases as the bank increases.

You can also read how

many Gs you are exposed to

when you increase the

bank.

When banking the aircraft

stalls at a higher speed.

Flight Theory PPL(A)(UL)/LAPL Henning Andersen, Midtjysk Flyveskole© marts 2026 517