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274 Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities Summary 275

with specific emphasis on the telecommunications approach taken to connect
vehicles to the roadside or back-office infrastructure. Furthermore, Chapter 4
defines the autonomous vehicle and looks at its associated challenges. In the
interest of clarity, In addition, Chapter 4 discusses the differences between con-
nected and autonomous vehicles, and to merge this subject with the smart city
information included in Chapter 5, it discusses connected and autonomous
vehicles within the context of smart city transportation operation. To conclude,
Chapter 4 describes how connected and autonomous vehicles might affect
transportation and the automobile manufacturing industry.

12.8 Review of Chapter 5

Smart cities is a central theme of the book. Accordingly, Chapter 5 defines the
smart city from a transportation perspective in the form of 16 smart city trans-
portation services. To establish a strong connection between the defined servic-
es and the types of needs and objectives found in a smart city, Chapter 5 creates
a mapping that relates services to objectives, with examples of several potential
smart city objectives from a transportation perspective. Subsequently, Chapter
5 describes how the defined services might play a role in defining departure
points and provides a roadmap to move from today’s situation to tomorrow’s
smart city, with a suggested approach to incorporating services within a sketch
planning approach to smart city implementation.
As smart city implementations will bring challenges as well as opportuni-
ties, Chapter 5 provides an initial list of such challenges along with an explana-
tion on the nature of the challenge. Finally, Chapter 5 outlines some practi-
cal lessons gleaned in the implementation of the London congestion charging
project. These represent real-world challenges experienced in the application of
advanced technologies within an urban transportation environment. To con-
clude Chapter 5 introduces and explains the concept of a sentient city, which
goes beyond the smart city. Sentience involves the ability of a city to sense and
react appropriately, acting as a single system and applying intelligence to the
results of the sensing. This will result in the application of actionable insight to
the development of appropriate responses.

12.9 Review of Chapter 6

As a continuation of the bridge building between data science and transporta-
tion, Chapter 6 provides an explanation of data analytics and the wider worlds
of industry and commerce. The applicability of this experience to transporta-
tion within a smart city is also discussed. In addition, Chapter 6 defines data
analytics and compares analytics and KPIs, tackling the essential difference be-