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viii Big Data Analytics for Connected Vehicles and Smart Cities Contents ix

5.12 The Sentient City 113

5.13 Summary 114
References 114

6 What Are Analytics? 117

6.1 Informational Objectives 117
6.2 Introduction 117

6.3 Chapter Word Cloud 118

6.4 What Is an Analytic? 119

6.5 Why Analytics Are Valuable 120

6.6 Smart City Services Analytics 122

6.7 Analytical Performance Management for a Smart City 132

6.8 How Do Analytics and Data Lakes Fit Together? 133
6.9 How to Identify Data Needs Associated with Analytics 134

6.10 Summary 134

References 135

7 The Practical Application of Analytics to
Transportation 137

7.1 Informational Objectives of This Chapter 137

7.2 Chapter Word Cloud 138

7.3 Introduction 138

7.4 Integrated Payment Systems—What Are They? 139
7.5 Why Does Integrated Payment Make a Good
Departure Point for a Smart City? 140

7.6 Integrated Payment System Analytics and Their
Practical Application 141

7.7 MaaS—What Is It? 141