Page 99 - BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice

BSAVA Guide to Pain Management in Small Animal Practice

VetBooks.ir individual animal carer. Veterinary patients’ overlooked in the care strategy of critically ill
Sleep deprivation is often massively
senses are far more acute than the senses of
humans. The hospital environment is an
patients igure 6.9 . re uent interruption of
unnatural setting, which may have strong sleep is a signi cant problem and a noted
aversive smells, stark hospital cages, wards that stressor in human intensive care settings. Sleep
create abnormal social groups, intermixing of is a basic physiological need. The average
species, noise, lighting, and evoked sleep canine spends approximately of the day
deprivation, all a ecting a patient that may sleeping, lying around awake, and ust
already have negative physical feelings, such as being active. These percentages vary
hunger, pain and nausea ewson, 14a . dependent on breed, in particular the inherent
Brachycephalic breeds need particular use for which the animal was bred (e.g.
attention when hospitalized. Any form of stress Labradors are a highly active retrieving breed),
or excitement can cause severe respiratory and age.
distress in this category of patient. They have an Sleep deprivation in people has been
impaired ability to thermoregulate and therefore associated with behavioural changes such as
have a propensity to overheat. Basic science becoming short-tempered, irritable, over-
supports the value of using an oscillating fan to reactive, and an inability to cope e ectively with
provide air movement and ows within the situations or society. This mental stress induces
environment, and a wind chill e ect to help a catabolic state and negatively a ects the
cool and calm the patient. Fans need to be immune system and healing process, thus
directed at the patient or in very close proximity reducing good patient outcomes.
to have a bene cial e ect igure 6.8 . Feline patients can be particularly prone to
the adverse e ects of stress. A recent review
by Amat et al. 16 observed that highly
stressed cats are ve times more likely to
develop upper respiratory tract infections

Cause Examples
Environmental • Phones ringing
noise • Talking
• Beepers
• Overhead speakers
(a) • Equipment sounds (e.g. suction,
drip pumps)
Lighting • Overhead lights
• Spotlights
General • Monitoring attached
discomfort • Dressings
• Elizabethan collars
• Intravenous lines
Oxygen • Drying of nasal passages
Room • Too hot or cold, poor air quality
temperature
(b) Pain • Pathology, surgery, injury
(a) Brachycephalic breed being cooled by Psychological • Physical and social
a fan. (b) Brachycephalic breed stressed
and dyspnoeic after a car journey. A fan is used to cool stressors
and destress the patient prior to examination. Note the Causes of sleep deprivation.
airway management kit on standby.

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