Page 357 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in Small Animal Practice

Introduction to Fluid Therapy 347

Figure 14-7 Basal energy rate as a function of body weight in pounds.

TABLE 14-9 Maintenance and Dehydration Fluid Volume
Requirements*
Maintenance (M) þ Dehydration (%) mL/kg/day Factor Maintenance

M þ 1 70 1.17
M þ 2 80 1.33
M þ 3 90 1.50
M þ 4 100 1.67
M þ 5 110 1.83
M þ 6 120 2.00
M þ 7 130 2.17
M þ 8 140 2.33
M þ 9 150 2.50
M þ 10 160 2.67

From Chew DJ, Kohn CW, DiBartola SP. Disorders of fluid balance and fluid therapy. In: Fenner WR, editor. Quick reference to
veterinary medicine, 2nd ed. Philadelphia: JB Lippincott, 1991: 570.
*Maintenance defined as 60 mL/kg/day.

appropriate readjustments of fluid therapy. Reasons for technical problems with the intravenous catheter, third-
failure to achieve satisfactory rehydration include calcula- space loss), sensible losses larger than appreciated (e.g.,
tion errors, underestimation of the initial hydration defi- polyuria), and insensible losses larger than appreciated
cit, contemporary losses larger than first appreciated (e.g., panting, fever). Failure to achieve successful hydra-
(e.g., vomiting, diarrhea), infusion of fluid at an exces- tion is an indication to increase the volume of fluid
sively rapid rate with consequent diuresis and obligatory administered if the heart and kidneys are functioning ade-
urinary loss of fluid and electrolytes, administered fluid quately. As a rule, the daily fluid volume may be increased
not reaching the extracellular compartment (e.g., by an amount equivalent to 5% of body weight if the