Page 918 - The Toxicology of Fishes

898 The Toxicology of Fishes

100
Primary
Secondary
*
80 *

*
PFC/Culture 40
60

20

0
Hatchery Estuary Hatchery Estuary
(n = 10) (n = 10) (n = 10) (n = 10)
Green-Duwamish Nisqually
System System

FIGURE 22.13 The mean number (x ± SD) of primary and secondary plaque forming cells/culture to an antigen for
juvenile Chinook salmon from the releasing hatcheries, a nonurban estuary and an urban estuary. (Adapted from Arkoosh,
M.R. et al., Fish Shellfish Immunol., 1, 261–277, 1991.)

70

60
Hatchery Estuary
50
% Cumulative Mortality 40

30

20

10

0
Urban Non-urban
FIGURE 22.14 Percent cumulative mortality of juvenile Chinook salmon from an urban and nonurban estuary and their
corresponding hatcheries four days after exposure to the marine pathogen V. anguillarum. (Adapted from Arkoosh, M.R.
et al., Trans. Am. Fish. Soc., 127, 360–374, 1998.)

of juvenile salmon from the Duwamish Waterway was suppressed when compared to salmon from a
nonurban estuary or hatcheries (Figure 22.13). Leucocytes of salmon from the urban estuary were unable
to generate a secondary (or memory) in vitro B-cell immune response following exposure to either the
T-cell-independent antigen trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS) or the T-cell-dependent
antigen TNP-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (TNP-KLH), suggesting that PAH exposure suppresses immu-
nological memory (Arkoosh et al., 1991).