Page 1020 - Veterinary Toxicology, Basic and Clinical Principles, 3rd Edition

952 SECTION | XIV Poisonous Plants

VetBooks.ir with depletion in areas of the left ventricle, and alveolar Appendino, G., O ¨ zen, H., Fenoglio, I., et al., 1997. Pseudoalkaloid tax-
anes from Taxus baccata. Phytochemistry. 33 (6), 1521 1523.
hemorrhagic edema.
Arai, M., Stauber, E., Shropshire, C.M., 1992. Evaluation of selected
TREATMENT plants for their toxic effects in canaries. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc.
200 (9), 1329 1331.
Bacciarini, L.N., Wenker, C.J., Muller, M., Iten, P., 1999. Yew (Taxus
Death is frequently the first adverse clinical sign in ani-
baccata) intoxication in a captive brown bear (Ursus arctos). Eur. J.
mals that have eaten toxic amounts of yew; therefore,
Vet. Pathool. 5 (1), 29 32.
opportunities to treat exposed animals are rare. However, Baker, S.D., Sparreboom, A., Verweij, J., 2006. Clinical pharmacokinet-
in instances in which known ingestion has recently ics of docetaxel: recent developments. Clin. Pharmacokin. 45 (3),
occurred, it is important to remove the plant material 235 252.
from the gastrointestinal tract and limit absorption. Bauereis, V.R., Steiert, W., 1959. Pharmakologische eigenschaften von
Rumenotomy, followed by replacement therapy with a taxin A und B. Arzneim. Forschung. 9, 77 79.
mixture of mineral oil, electrolytes, activated charcoal, Beike, J., Karger, B., Meiners, T., et al., 2003. LC-MS determination of
and alfalfa pellets, has been effective in treating some Taxus alkaloids in biological specimens. Int. J. Legal Med. 117,
cases of yew poisoning in ruminants (Casteel and Cook, 335 339.
Blyth, A.W., 1884. Taxine. Poisons: Their Effects and Detection.
1985). There is no specific antidote for taxine poisoning;
Charles Griffin, London, pp. 383 384.
however, atropine or lidocaine have been suggested to be
Brown, D.T., 2003. Preclinical and clinical studies of the taxanes.
beneficial in alleviating the cardiotoxicity (Kingsbury,
In: Itokawa, H., Lee, K.-H. (Eds.), Taxus: The Genus Taxus. Taylor
1964; Schulte, 1975). In experimental animal studies
& Francis, New York, NY, pp. 387 435.
(Bryan-Brown, 1932; Vohora, 1972) and in human cases Bryan-Brown, T., 1932. The pharmacological actions of taxine. Quart.
in which the cardiac responses to attempted treatment J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 5, 205 219.
were closely monitored via electrocardiography, classic Burcham, G.N., Becker, K.J., Tahara, J.M., et al., 2013. Myocarcial
antiarrhythmic therapy proved ineffective (Willaert et al., fibrosis associated with previous ingestion of yew (Taxus sp.) in an
2002). Extreme extracorporeal life-support measures, in Holstein heifer: evidence for chronic yew toxicity. J. Vet. Diagn.
combination with antiarrhythmic therapy, were warranted Invest. 25 (1), 147 152.
for complete recovery in one case of yew intoxication Casteel, S.W., Cook, W.O., 1985. Japanese yew poisoning in ruminants.
Modern Vet. Pract. 66, 875 876.
(Panzeri et al., 2010).
Clarke, E.G.C., Clarke, M.L., 1988. Poisonous plants, Taxaceae,
Veterinary Toxicology. third ed. Baillie `re, Tindall & Cassell,
CONCLUDING REMARKS London, pp. 276 277.
AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS Coenen, M., Bahrs, F., 1994. Fatal yew poisoning in goats as a result of
ingestion of foliage from garden prunings. Deut. Tier. Wochen. 101
Although advances in analytical toxicology are progres- (9), 364 367.
sively improving detection of taxine alkaloids and other Czerwek, H., Fischer, W., 1960. To ¨dlicher vergiftungsfall mit Taxus
markers for diagnosis of yew poisoning, toxicoses in ani- baccata. Arch. Toxikol. 18, 88 92.
Ettouati, B., Ahond, A., Poupat, C., Potier, P., 1991. Re ´vision structurale
mals and humans still occur frequently and are usually
de la taxine B, alcaloı ¨de majoritaire des feuilles de L’if d’Europe,
fatal. The potent cardiotoxic effects of taxine alkaloids in
Taxus baccata. J. Nat. Prod. 54 (5), 1455 1458.
the yew plant, combined with the absence of an effica-
Evans, K.L., Cook, J.R., 1991. Japanese yew poisoning in a dog. J. Am.
cious treatment for poisoning cases, reemphasizes the
Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 27, 300 302.
need to prevent or limit exposure of animals and livestock
Evers, R.A., Link, R.P., 1972. Yews, Taxus species. Poisonous Plants of
to these toxic plants. the Midwest and Their Effects on Livestock. University of Illinois,
Champaign, IL, pp. 81 82.
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(Dromarius novaehollandiae LATHAM). Berl. Munch. Tierarzl.
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Alden, C.L., Fosnaugh, C.J., Smith, J.B., Mohan, R., 1977. Japanese yew Fro ¨hne, D., Pfa ¨nder, J., 1984. Taxaceae, Taxus baccata L.,yew,A Colour
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