Page 1340 - Small Animal Internal Medicine, 6th Edition

1312 PART XII Oncology

TABLE 80.1 features of the cells in Giemsa-stained smears of blood and
bone marrow and the clinical presentation and biologic
VetBooks.ir Classification of Leukemias in Dogs and Cats SPECIES behavior of the disease. Because this scheme has not yet
proved to be prognostically or therapeutically applicable to
CLASSIFICATION
cats or dogs, it is not discussed here (see Suggested Readings
for additional information on the FAB scheme in people and
Acute Leukemias animals).
Acute myeloid (myelogenous) leukemia (AML) The terms preleukemic syndrome and myelodysplastic syn-
Undifferentiated myeloid leukemia (AML-M o ) D, C drome (MDS, or myelodysplasia) refer to a syndrome of
Acute myelocytic leukemia (AML-M 1-2 ) D, C hematopoietic dysfunction and specific cytomorphologic
Acute progranulocytic leukemia (AML-M 3 ) — changes that precedes the development of acute myeloge-
Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML; D, C nous leukemia by months to years. The syndrome is
AML-M 4 )
Acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia (AMoL; D, C
AML-M 5) TABLE 80.2
Acute erythroleukemia (AML-M 6 ) C, D? Cytochemical Stains in Acute Leukemic Cells From Dogs
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AML-M 7 ) D, C and Cats

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) CYTOCHEMICAL
D, C STAIN AML AMOL AMML ALL
ALL-L 1
D, C
ALL-L 2 MPO + − ± −
C, D?
ALL-L 3 CAE + − ± −
Acute leukemia of large granular lymphocytes D, C?
(LGL) ANBE − + ± ±
LIP − + ± −
Subacute and Chronic Leukemias
LAP + − ± ±
Chronic myeloid (myelocytic) leukemia (CML) D > C
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) D ALL, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myelogenous
Chronic lymphoid (lymphocytic) leukemia (CLL) D > C leukemia (AML-M 0-2 ); AMML, acute myelomonocytic leukemia
(AML-M 4 ); AMoL, acute monoblastic/monocytic leukemia (AML-M 5 );
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) variant D ANBE, α-naphthyl butyrate esterase; CAE, chloroacetate esterase;
LAP, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase; LIP, lipase; MPO,
C, Cat; D, dog; ?, unknown. myeloperoxidase; +, positive; −, negative; ±, positive or negative.

1000 10 4 10 4
800 3 3
10 10
SSC-H 600 CD21PE 10 2 CD8PE 10 2

400
R1 10 1 10 1
200

0 10 0 10 0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4
A FSC-H B CD5 FITC C CD4 FITC
FIG 80.1
Flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in a cat with chronic lymphocytic
leukemia. (A) Leukocytes were gated to compare size (forward scatter) and complexity
(side scatter). (B) Lymphoid cells were stained with PE and FITC to differentiate B-cell
(CD21PE) and T-cell (CD5 FITC) origin. (C) T cells were then stained to differentiate
cytotoxic T cells (CD8PE) and helper T cells (CD4 FITC). CD4, Helper T cells; CD5, T cells;
CD8, cytotoxic T cells; CD21, B cells; FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate; FSC-H, forward
scatter; PE, phycoerythrin; SCC-H, side scatter. (Courtesy Dr. MJ Burkhard.)