Page 659 - Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 29 Tumors of the Male Reproductive System 637

partial or complete penile amputation and perineal urethros- 7. Grieco V, Riccardi E, Greppi GF, et al.: Canine testicular tumours:
a study on 232 dogs, J Comp Pathol 138:86–89, 2008.
tomy. TVT is an exception, because it is a chemoresponsive 8. Nodtvedt A, Gamlem H, Gunnes G, et al.: Breed differences in the
and radioresponsive tumor, although surgery may be used for
VetBooks.ir refractory cases. 294,295 For dogs with scrotal tumors, castration proportional morbidity of testicular tumours and distribution of
histopathologic types in a population-based canine cancer registry,
(if intact) with scrotal ablation is recommended. Depending on
Vet Comp Oncol 9:45–54, 2011.
the underlying tumor type, adjuvant therapy such as RT or che- 9. Bray F, Ferlay J, Devesa SS, et al.: Interpreting the international
motherapy may be indicated. Prognosis is heavily dependent on trends in testicular seminoma and nonseminoma incidence, Nat
underlying histology and the ability to obtain adequate local Clin Pract Urol 3:532–543, 2006.
control. 10. Chia VM, Quraishi SM, Devesa SS, et al.: International trends in
the incidence of testicular cancer, 1973-2002 Cancer Epidemiol Bio-
Feline Penile, Preputial, and Scrotal Tumors markers Prev 19:1151–1159, 2010.
11. Shah MN, Devesa SS, McGlynn KA: Trends in testicular germ cell
Little information exists on tumors that affect the feline penis, tumours by ethnic group in the United States, Int J Androl 30:206–
prepuce, and scrotum. There is a report of fibroma affecting the 213, 2007.
scrotum of a cat; however, it is probable that clinical signs would 12. Townsend JS, Richardson LC, German RR: Incidence of testicular
be similar to those in dogs. 296 cancer in the United States, 1999-2004, Am J Mens Health 4:353–
360, 2010.
13. Bray F, Richiardi L, Ekbom A, et al.: Do testicular seminoma and
Comparative Aspects nonseminoma share the same etiology? Evidence from an age-
period-cohort analysis of incidence trends in eight European coun-
Penile tumors in the United States are rare, although they remain tries, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 15:652–658, 2006.
a problem in a number of countries in Asia, Africa, and South 14. Weaver AD: Survey with follow-up of 67 dogs with testicular ser-
America, where up to 10% of cancers may arise in the penis. 297 toli cell tumours, Vet Rec 113:105–107, 1983.
The incidence of penile cancer has been declining in part as a result 15. Reif JS, Maguire TG, Kenney RM, et al.: A cohort study of canine
of increased personal hygiene and circumcision. 298–300 Indeed, testicular neoplasia, J Am Vet Med Assoc 175:719–723, 1979.
neonatal circumcision virtually eliminates penile carcinoma from 16. Kennedy PC, Cullen JM, Edwards JF, et al.: Histological classifica-
the population. 299 Poor local hygiene, phimosis, tobacco, chronic tions of tumors of the genital system of domestic animals, Washington,
D.C, 1998, American Registry of Pathology.
inflammation, lack of circumcision, infection with human pap- 17. Peterson JR, Frommelt RA, Dunn DG: A study of the lifetime
illoma virus, and having multiple sexual partners are associated occurrence of neoplasia and breed differences in a cohort of Ger-
with the development of malignant penile lesions. 299,301–303 Most man shepherd dogs and Belgian Malinois military working dogs
penile tumors are carcinomas and more than 95% of carcinomas that died in 1992, J Vet Intern Med 14:140–145, 2000.
are SCC. 304 Clinical signs in men are varied and range from a 18. Peters MA, DeRooij DG, Teerds KJ, et al.: Spermatogen-
subtle erythematous local lesion to an ulcerated, infected mass esis and testicular tumours in ageing dogs, J Reprod Fertil 120:
lesion. Full staging is important in men who present with penile 443–452, 2000.
cancer because nodal status is one of the most significant prog- 19. Maiolino P, Restucci B, Papparella S, et al.: Correlation of nuclear
nostic variables for survival. 305 The prognosis is generally excel- morphometric features with animal and human World Health
lent for patients with early-stage disease and treatment typically Organization international histological classifications of canine
spontaneous seminomas, Vet Pathol 41:608–611, 2004.
consists of surgery. Occasionally, RT is used for primary treatment 20. Mostofi FK, Sesterhenn IA: Histologic typing of testis tumors, ed 2,
of early-stage disease, but local recurrence rates are higher than Geneva, 1998, Springer.
with surgery. 306–309 In advanced cases, aggressive surgery may 21. Kim JH, Yu CH, Yhee JY, et al.: Canine classical seminoma: a spe-
include emasculation procedures or hemipelvectomy followed by cific malignant type with human classifications is highly correlated
RT. Although surgery is the mainstay of treatment, multimodal with tumor angiogenesis, BMC Cancer 10:243–251, 2010.
treatment with radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy is 22. Grieco V, Riccardi E, Rondena M, et al.: Classical and spermato-
important for outcome when lymphatic spread is present. 297,305 cytic seminoma in the dog: histochemical and immunohistochemi-
Of note, because penile carcinoma is rare in developed countries, cal findings, J Comp Pathol 137:41–46, 2007.
it is recommended that patients seek care with experienced mul- 23. Pagliaro LC, Logothetis CJ: Cancer of the testis. In DeVita Jr VT,
tidisciplinary specialty teams, as this approach is associated with Lawrence TS, Stevens GH, editors: Cancer: principles and practice of
oncology, ed 10, Philadelphia, 2006, Wolters Kluwer Health / Lip-
improved outcomes. 305,310–312 pincott Wiliams & Wilkins, pp 988–1004.
24. Ortega-Pacheco A, Rodriguez-Buenfil JC, Segura-Correa JC, et al.:
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