Page 707 - Withrow and MacEwen's Small Animal Clinical Oncology, 6th Edition

CHAPTER 32 Ocular Tumors 685

thus a large randomized clinical trial (the Collaborative Ocular 12. Dreyfus J, Schobert CS, Dubielzig RR: Superficial corneal squa-
Melanoma Study) was conducted comparing enucleation with mous cell carcinoma occurring in dogs with chronic keratitis, Vet
Ophthalmol 14:161–168, 2011.
108,109
iodine-125 brachytherapy, which left the globe intact.
VetBooks.ir Both treatment modalities yielded similar results, although many 13. Dees DD, Schobert CS, Dubielzig RR, et al.: Third eyelid gland
neoplasms of dogs and cats: a retrospective histopathologic study of
patients still died from metastatic melanoma, and it appears that
145 cases, Vet Ophthalmol 19:138–143, 2016.
significant improvement in survival rates will depend on develop- 14. Schäffer EH, Pfleghaar S, Gordon S, et al.: Malignant nictitating
ing effective systemic therapeutic modalities for melanoma. 108,109 membrane tumors in dogs and cats, Tierarztliche Praxis 22:382–
Retinoblastoma is the most common malignant intraocular 389, 1994.
tumor of children and has a genetic basis. No cases of retinoblas- 15. Hargis AM, Lee AC, Thomassen RW: Tumor and tumor-like
toma have been described in nonhuman primates, and only one lesions of perilimbal conjunctiva in laboratory dogs, J Am Vet Med
case of retinoblastoma has been described in a dog. 110 With ther- Assoc 173:1185–1190, 1978.
apy, long-term survival in children is over 85%, but many patients 16. Mughannam AJ, Hacker DV, Spangler WL: Conjunctival vascular
develop second tumors, especially osteosarcoma. 111 Cancer-asso- tumors in six dogs, Vet Comp Ophthalmol 7:56–59, 1997.
ciated retinopathy is an uncommon, immune-mediated paraneo- 17. Multari D, Vascellari M, Mutinelli F: Hemangiosarcoma of the
plastic phenomenon in humans in which antibodies are directed third eyelid in a cat, Vet Ophthalmol 5:273–276, 2002.
against specific retinal autoantigens, such as recoverin. 112–114 18. Pirie CG, Knollinger AM, Thomas CB, et al.: Canine conjunctival
hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma: a retrospective evaluation of
In this condition, patients with small-cell lung carcinoma and 108 cases (1989-2004), Vet Ophthalmol 9:215–226, 2006.
other tumors may develop blurred vision, impaired color vision, 19. Pirie CG, Dubielzig RR: Feline conjunctival hemangioma and
substantial visual field defects, or complete blindness as tumor hemangiosarcoma: a retrospective evaluation of eight cases (1993-
antigens cross-react with specific retinal components. 112–114 Treat- 2004), Vet Ophthalmol 9:227–231, 2006.
ment with IV immunoglobulin has been reported to return vision 20. Patnaik AK, Mooney S: Feline melanoma: a comparative study of
to some patients. 112 Although cancer-associated retinopathy ocular, oral and dermal neoplasms, Vet Pathol 25:105–112, 1988.
has been suggested to occur in dogs, especially those with sud- 21. Schobert CS, Labelle P, Dubielzig RR: Feline conjunctival mela-
den acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS), definitive noma: histopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes, Vet
proof is lacking and one study did not identify antibody activ- Ophthalmol 13:43–46, 2010.
ity against retinal proteins or evidence of neoplasia in dogs with 22. Johnson BW, Brightman, Whiteley HE: Conjunctival mast cell
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Acknowledgments 24. Kafarnik C, Calvarese S, Dubielzig RR: Canine mesenchymal ham-
artoma of the eyelid, Vet Ophthalmol 13:94–98, 2010.
The authors wish to thank Dr. Richard R. Dubielzig for his invalu- 25. Bettenay S, Mueller RS, Maggs DJ: Diseases of the Eyelids. In
able contributions to earlier editions of this chapter. Maggs DJ, Miller PE, Ofri R, editors: Slatter’s fundamentals of vet-
erinary ophthalmology, 6th ed., St. Louis, 2018, Elsevier.
26. Dees DD, Knollinger AM, MacLaren NE: Carbon dioxide (CO 2 )
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