Page 161 - Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals, 8th Edition

146 / Anatomy and Physiology of Farm Animals

(A)
VetBooks.ir M. Longissimus thoracis Nuchal ligament

M. Semispinalis capitis
M. Spinalis thoracis

M. Longissimus capitis

M. Longissimus cervicis
M. Iliocostalis thoracis

(B)
Nuchal ligament

M. Spinalis
MM. Multifidi

MM. Intertranversarius

M. Scalenus

Figure 7-14. Epaxial muscles. (A) Superficial muscles of the horse. (B) Deeper muscles of the ox.

(Figs. 7‐15 to 7‐17). Additionally, there identified muscles. All act at the atlantooc­
are a series of shorter muscles uniting the cipital and/or atlantoaxial joints.
occipital portion of the skull with the atlas A heavy elastic band, the ligamentum
and/or axis. These constitute mm. rectus nuchae (nuchal ligament), reaches from
capitis and mm. obliquus capitis, and the withers to the skull (Fig. 7‐18). The liga­
within each category are several individually mentum nuchae gives considerable passive