Page 1185 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

Intestinal Microbiota, 407
VetBooks.ir Mechanisms of Tissue Damage in Autoimmunity, 407

Type I Hypersensitivity, 407

Type II Hypersensitivity, 407

Type III Hypersensitivity, 408

Type IV Hypersensitivity, 408

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this chapter, you should be able to:

• Explain why autoimmunity is an inescapable consequence of the way in which
the adaptive immune system has evolved.
• Explain that not all autoimmune responses are pathological.

• Describe how most autoimmune diseases result from a failure to ensure that
tolerance is maintained against self-antigens.
• Summarize the evidence that there is a strong genetic predisposition to develop

autoimmunity.
• Explain how some autoimmune diseases are triggered by immune stimulants
such as virus infections and drugs.

• Understand how the lesions that develop in autoimmune diseases are generated
by the mechanisms of hypersensitivity described previously.
• Identify the major factors that result in autoimmunity.

• Discuss the roles of genetics, infectious agents, and sex on the development of
autoimmunity.
• Define cryptic antigens, epitope spreading, immunoconglutinin, rheumatoid

factor, molecular mimicry, and bystander activation.

Autoimmune diseases are relatively common. They occur in about
5% of humans and probably in a similar proportion of domestic
mammals. Most result from the emergence of clones of “rogue”

1185