Page 226 - Problem-Based Feline Medicine

218 PART 4 CAT WITH URINARY TRACT SIGNS

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● Incontinence (p 227)
Incontinence resulting from congenital disease is uncommon. Affected cats may continuously pass
small drops of urine.

METABOLIC
● Polyuric states (p 224)
Any disease associated with increased urine volume may result in cats urinating inappropriately if
they are not able to adequately retain urine and use the litter box. Examples include chronic renal
failure, diuretic therapy, diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism.

● Urolithiasis** (p 222)
Signs of lower urinary tract disease including pollakiuria, stranguria and hematuria are usually
present, although uroliths may be present without clinical signs; may cause urethral obstruction.
NEOPLASTIC
● Neoplasm involving urethra and/or urinary bladder (p 225)
Pollakiuria, stranguria and hematuria usually present; may be associated with recurrent bacterial
urinary tract infections or urethral obstruction.
● Meningioma (p 227)
May be associated with proprioceptive deficits, alteration of spinal reflexes and alteration of men-
tation: however, only clinical sign may be urinary incontinence.
PSYCHOLOGICAL

● Behavioral*** (p 219)
Inappropriate urination without clinical, biochemical or radiological evidence for an underlying
disease involving the urinary bladder or urethra; may be associated with other behavioral problems
or develop as a consequence of lower urinary tract disease.

INFECTIOUS
● Bacterial urinary tract infection** (p 225)
Pollakiuria, dysuria and hematuria are usually present; bacterial urinary tract infections are uncom-
mon in cats and usually occur secondarily to another disease.
● Fungal urinary tract infection (p 228)
Cat may be asymptomatic or show pollakiuria, stranguria, hematuria and inappropriate urination;
often occurs secondary to an underlying disease or immunosuppressive process.
● Viral urinary tract infection (p 226)
May result in secondary bacterial or fungal urinary tract infection (FeLV, FIV), or hypothesized to
be one of the causes of idiopathic lower urinary tract disease.

IDIOPATHIC
● Non-obstructive idiopathic lower urinary tract disease**** (idiopathic cystitis,
feline urologic syndrome, interstitial cystitis, idiopathic FLUTD)*** (p 222)
Cats show pollakiuria, hematuria, stranguria and inappropriate urination without an identifiable
cause.