Page 108 - Rule Outs in Small Animal Medicine, Problem-oriented Assessment of Problems in Physical Examination and Clinical Pathology, 2nd Edition

Neurology Neurology
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Abnormal head and
neck posture
Vestibular disease

Head tilt Torticollis Pleurothotonus Ventroflexion

Central Peripheral
vestibular disease vestibular disease

– Lesion in cervical – Intracranial lesion – Thiamine deficiency
spinal cord (thalamus, cerebrum) (esp. cat)
â Vestibular disease – Myasthenia gravis
p. 98 (cat)
– Hypokalaemia
(cat)
Lesion in brainstem/ Lesion in inner ear/
caudal cerebellum vestibulocochlear nerve

– Neoplasia – Otitis media/interna
– Meningoencephalitis (immune – Idiopathic vestibular disease
or infectious, e.g. complication of – Ototoxic medication
otitis media/interna) (e.g. gentamicin)
– Herniation
– Haemorrhage/infarction

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