Page 208 - Rule Outs in Small Animal Medicine, Problem-oriented Assessment of Problems in Physical Examination and Clinical Pathology, 2nd Edition

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Internal Medicine Internal Medicine
General health problems General health problems

Internal Medicine
Internal Medicine

General health problems General health problems

Increased body

temperature
VetBooks.ir Internal Medicine Oedema Influence of exogenous Fever Influence of Prehepatic Icterus Increased heat Hyperthermia Decreased heat General health problems VET
General health problems
Internal Medicine

Rubrik

Local
Increased
pyrogens endogenous pyrogens Lymph drainage degradation of production – Increased dissipation Hepatic

disorders
– Doxycycline therapy Tissue Autoimmune Vascular permeability haemproteins
Increased
(cat) resorption disease Neoplasia disorders Infection Muscle activity metabolism environmental
temperature
Generalised Increased local – Insufficient air Posthepatic
hydrostatic pressure Haemoglobin Hepatic dysfunction
circulation (e.g. car,
â Lymphadenopathy Myoglobin Disturbance of
degradation narrow cage)
hepatocellular
Increased hydrostatic Vasculitis p. 10 degradation – Seizures – Hyperthyroidism bilirubin transport Bile duct rupture
(e.g. status epilepticus)
Decreased oncotic pressure – Thrombus Local inflammation – Sport (e.g. dog racing) – Liver fibrosis Bile duct obstruction
Generalised pressure Haemolysis Haemorrhage in – Muscle spasms – Liver cirrhosis
vasculitis body cavities or Massive destruction of – Malignant hyperthermia – Hepatic lipidosis Lack of glucose Disturbance of
(e.g. tetanus)
– Liver neoplasia
haematoma
– Cardiac failure – Insect bite/sting Extravascular – Leishmaniosis muscle cells (rare in (only horse and cow) transport system – Cholangiohepatitis
the bilirubin
– Dirofilariosis
small animals)
– Thrombophlebitis
– Bile duct
(by high TNF-α)
– Leishmaniosis â Hypoalbuminaemia haemolysis Intravascular – Pancreatitis
carcinoma
– Dirofilariosis p. 154 haemolysis – Trauma – Gall bladder
– Myositis
– Severe
stones
systemic
– Immune-mediated haemolytic
anaemia inflammation
– Babesiosis – Copper intoxication (e.g. sepsis, FIP)

– Tap water enema (cat)
– Haemoplasma infection
– Hypophosphataemia (e.g. during therapy
of diabetic ketoacidosis)
anaemia
– Severe immune-mediated haemolytic
– Zinc intoxication
– Severe babesiosis

4 – Onion or garlic intoxication 5
hemangioendothelioma)
– Destruction (e.g. DIC, caval syndrome,

14 9

8
15
How to achieve a reliable diagnosis –
even in complex clinical cases!
Internal medicine cases can be complex and challenging. To manage such challenges,
it is helpful to know the possible pathophysiological causes of a particular clinical
problem, to be able to evaluate each problem in an individual case and to exclude
anything not relevant for this patient using diagnostic pathways. This book describes Rule outs in small animal medicine
this process of exclusion (“ruling out”) for all aspects of internal medicine in dogs
and cats, and ultimately leads to confirmation of a specific diagnosis. Rule outs
therefore are an important basis for everyday clinical work and provide a practical
guideline for a systematic problem-oriented approach to patients.
For students, these rule outs are a prerequisite for understanding the pathophysio-
logy of clinical presentations and laboratory changes. For experienced clinicians,
rule outs are a helpful diagnostic guide especially when dealing with complex cases.
ESSENTIAL
Expert knowledge for everyday clinical work
UNIQUE
The easy way to a correct diagnosis: comprehensive and concise Hartmann | Berg | Berg (eds.)
ISBN 978-3-89993-983-5
VET SCRIPTUM Helpful tool for studies and exams!