Page 99 - Canine Lameness

5.2 ­Paasive Panve of os a 71

Table 5.2 Normal passive range of motion (PROM) limiting structures and end-feel description (used by author)
for the major canine joints.

Joint PROM Normal end-feel Normal limiting structure

Shoulder extension Capsular Joint capsule
Shoulder flexion Tissue approximation Triceps muscle group on body wall
Elbow extension Capsular/bony Joint capsule/oblique ligament
Elbow flexion Tissue approximation Carpal extensor muscle group on biceps brachii muscle
Carpus extension Elastic Carpal flexor muscle group
Carpus flexion Capsular Joint capsule
Hip extension Capsular Joint capsule
Hip flexion Tissue approximation Quadriceps muscle group on body wall
Stifle extension Capsular Cranial cruciate ligament
Stifle flexion Tissue approximation Gastrocnemius on hamstring muscle group
Tarsal extension Capsular Joint capsule
Tarsal flexion Elastic Gastrocnemius stretch

Canine thoracic limb goniometry Canine pelvic limb goniometry

[44±6 (50± 2)] ~45°
~50° [47±6 (57± 2)]

[155±6 (162 ±3)] ~160°
~160° [159±6 (165±2)]
[25±4 (36±2)] ~30° ~35° [33± 7 (42±2)]

~155° [153±4 (162±3)]
[155±5 (165±2)] ~160°

~35° [34±6 (32± 2)] [30± 8 (39±2)] ~35°

[149±6 (164±2)] ~155°
~200° [198±4 (196±2)]

Figure 5.3 Rounded approximation (in bold) of published angles (goniometry) and normal measurements
of the canine thoracic and pelvic limb. Bracketed reference values of the mean (±SD) measurements are
provided for German Shepherd Dogs followed by those for Labrador Retrievers, in parentheses. Source:
Adapted from Thomas et al. (2006).