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Figure 8.7 Swimming can be a useful treatment but is not suitable for some conditions due to the raised head and extended
body posture
Physiotherapy
The following treatment modalities may help.
• Massage to alleviate muscular stiffness.
• Low intensity laser therapy.
• Magnetic therapy.
• Therapeutic ultrasound.
Acupuncture
Acupuncture is helpful in relieving the muscle tension and pain that can develop in
association with degenerative joint disease. If unresolved, the muscle tension can cause
increased pressure on the cartilage of the joint surfaces and further degenerative changes.
Chiropractic and osteopathy
One of the aims of treatment is to keep osteoarthritic joints as mobile as possible. This can be
