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136 Central Nervous System Tumors in Dogs and Cats 1251

Table 136.1 Summary of outcomes of dog and cats with brain neoplasia
VetBooks.ir Study Tumor type Number of patients Treatment Median survival time

Troxel et al. Meningioma 34 cats Surgery 685d
Greco et al. Meningioma 17 dogs Surgery 1254d
(aspirator)
Axlund et al. Meningioma 14 dog Surgery 210d
12 dogs Surgery + radiotherapy (RT) 495d
Brearley et al. Meningioma 41 dogs RT 347d
Intraxial tumor 34 dogs 282d
Pituitary tumor 8 dogs 147d
Gallagher et al. Meningioma 17 cats Surgery 3–72‐month range
11 cats 810d
Turrel et al. Meningioma, sarcoma, astrocytoma 2 dogs RT 322d
1 dog
1 dog
Heidner et al. Meningioma 9 dogs RT +/‐ 137d overall
Other types 8 dogs surgery +/‐ hyperthermia
Unknown 8 dogs
Evans et al. Meningioma 4 dogs RT 1545d (39 Gy)
Lymphoma 1 dog 519d (45 Gy)
Pituitary adenoma 1 dog
Metastatic carcinoma 1 dog
Oligodendroglioma 1 dog
Granulomatous Meningoencephalitis 1 dog
Unknown 1 dog
5 dogs
Iwamoto et al. Meningioma 18 dogs RT Not reported
Glioma 6 dogs
Pituitary 1 dog
Larue et al. Unknown 65 dogs RT +/‐ surgery 405d
Spugnini et al. Meningioma 21 dogs RT 250d
Glioma 4 dogs
Choroid plexus 3 dogs
Kent et al. Pituitary tumor 19 dogs RT 1405d
Mayer et al. Pituitary tumor 8 cats RT 522d
Bley et al. Extraxial tumor 22 dogs RT 1174d
Intraaxial tumor 13 dogs
Pituitary tumor 13 dogs
Sellon Pituitary tumor 11 cats Radiosurgery 750d
Source: Adapted from Warren E, Narak J, Axlund T, Smith A. Treatment of intracranial tumors. In: Twedt D, Bonagura J, eds. Kirk’s Current
Veterinary Therapy XV. St Louis, MO: Elsevier, 2014, pp. 1039–47.

years depending on tumor type, prescription dose, and For cats and dogs with pituitary macroadenoma or
other variables. Regardless, the long‐term efficacy of macroadenocarcinoma, radiation therapy has been
radiation therapy when delivered as sole therapy is lim- recommended and results in good outcomes with both
ited given the tolerance of the CNS and macroscopic fractionated therapy and radiosurgical techniques.
tumor control is generally not as rewarding as when Conformal three‐dimension radiation therapy has been
delivered as adjunctive treatment following cytoreduc- described for this tumor in both species and outcomes
tive surgery. For meningioma in the dog, a median sur- have been very good to excellent for control of both neu-
vival of approximately one year can be anticipated with rologic signs in affected patients and endocrine abnor-
radiation therapy. When radiation therapy is delivered as malities. Of note, the endocrine manifestations may take
an adjunct to surgery, median survival increases to 16–30 several months to improve, which necessitates ongoing
months. monitoring.