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174 Developmental Orthopedic Diseases 1551

Epidemiology widened compared to the normal contralateral one and
VetBooks.ir reported. slippage may be demonstrated on extended ventrodorsal
The disease is uncommon, but an incidence has not been
pelvic radiographs. In later stages, the proximal femoral

the epiphysis, with resorption and sclerosis of the femoral
Signalment metaphysis may be craniodorsally displaced relative to
Cats are more commonly affected than dogs. Reported neck. Ultrasound (slippage and periphyseal fluid accu-
feline cases are almost all neutered overweight males mulation) and/or computed tomography may be helpful
presented when they were 4.5–42 months of age. In one in early stages without obvious radiographic signs.
study of 13 cats, 23% were Siamese.
Treatment
History and Clinical Signs The most common method of treatment is femoral
Clinical signs include uni‐ or bilateral lameness, decreased head and neck ostectomy because of progressive femo-
ability to jump, weakness, and crepitus and pain during ral neck resorption. Successful primary stabilization
palpation. Lameness can be acute in onset but is mostly with Kirschner wire and total hip replacement have
insidious and possibly intermittent. It was reported that been reported.
at initial presentation, 24–38% of cases were affected
bilaterally but not necessarily symmetrically. Prognosis
The prognosis for patients treated with femoral head and
Diagnosis neck ostectomy is excellent, although limb function is
Radiographic lesions vary with the stage of the disease. not normal. Unilateral cases can present with contralat-
Early on in the disease, the capital growth plate is slightly eral disease later in life.

Further Reading

Breur GJ, Lambrechts NE. Osteochondrosis. In: Johnston SA, Animal. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2012,
Tobias KM, eds. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal, 2nd pp. 849–64.
edn. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders, 2017, pp. 1299–315. Schultz KS. Diseases of joints. In: Fossum TW, ed. Small
Breur GJ. Lambrechts NE, Todhunter RJ. The genetics of Animal Surgery, 4th edn. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby,
canine orthopaedic traits. In: Ostrander EA, Ruvinsky A, 2013, pp. 1215–374.
eds. The Genetics of the Dog, 2nd edn. Wallingford, UK: Towle HA, Breur GJ. Miscellaneous orthopedic conditions
CAB International, 2012, pp. 136–60. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM, eds. Veterinary Surgery:
Roush JK. Surgical therapy of canine hip dysplasia. In: Small Animal, 2nd edn. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders,
Tobias KM, Johnson SA, eds. Veterinary Surgery: Small 2017, pp. 1112–26.