Page 758 - Clinical Small Animal Internal Medicine

726 Section 7 Diseases of the Liver, Gallbladder, and Bile Ducts

Prognosis successful surgery, but the perioperative period carries
VetBooks.ir Biliary neoplasia bears a grave prognosis as resection is risks such as bile peritonitis and inducing pancreatitis.
Rupture of the biliary tract of any cause bears a guarded
prognosis, particularly if bacterial infection is present.
rarely achieved and metastasis is common. Stenting of the
bile duct may be of palliative use and can be performed at There is a broad spectrum of prognoses with pancreatitis
endoscopy, laparotomy or as a laparoscopy‐assisted proce­ with extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, depending upon
dure. Bacterial cholecystitis and cholangitis bear a favora­ the severity and complications. Acute pancreatitis carries a
ble prognosis if the infection is identified and treated. guarded prognosis, but may reach a successful outcome in
Gallbladder mucocele has an excellent prognosis following a good proportion of cases with intensive management.

Further Reading

Center S. Diseases of the gallbladder and biliary tree. Vet Wagner K. Hartmann F, Trepanier L. Bacterial culture
Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2009; 39: 543–98. results from liver, gallbladder, or bile in 248 dogs and
Crews L, Feeney D, Jessen C, et al. Clinical, cats evaluated for hepatobiliary disease: 1998–2003. J
ultrasonographic, and laboratory findings associated Vet Intern Med 2007; 21: 417–24.
with gallbladder disease and rupture in dogs: 45 cases Washabau RJ. Section VI: Diseases of the Gastrointestinal
(1997–2007). J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 234: 359–66. Tract: Liver. In: Washabau RJ, Day MJ, eds. Canine and
Mealey K, Minch J, White S, et al. An insertion mutation Feline Gastroenterology. St Louis, MO: Elsevier
in ABCB4 is associated with gallbladder mucocele Saunders, 2012, pp. 849–957.
formation in dogs. Compar Hepatol 2010; 9: 6–12.