Page 128 - Veterinary Immunology, 10th Edition

Cytokines, 46
VetBooks.ir Surface Receptors, 47

Fate, 47

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
• Understand that many cell types participate in innate immunity. These include

neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, eosinophils, mast cells, and innate
lymphoid cells.
• Be able to identify a neutrophil on sight.

• Outline the life history and fate of neutrophils.
• Describe how the first cells attracted to sites of tissue damage or microbial
invasion are neutrophils.

• Explain how neutrophils can leave blood vessels and outline the mechanisms
involved in this emigration.
• Explain how neutrophils bind, ingest, and kill invading microorganisms—the

process of phagocytosis.
• List the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill invaders.
• Describe the importance of opsonization and the role of antibodies and

complement in the phagocytic process.
• Explain the mechanisms of the respiratory burst and its importance both as a
killing mechanism of bacteria and a cause of tissue damage.

• Explain how neutrophils alone cannot provide a long-term solution to the body's
defense needs.

• Define opsonin, chemotaxis, respiratory burst, and NETosis.

Although physical barriers such as the skin exclude many
organisms, these barriers are not impenetrable, and microbes can
gain access to body tissues through wounds, inhalation, or food.
Once sentinel cells recognize the invaders, signals are generated
that activate and attract defensive cells to the sites of invasion.

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