Page 931 - The Veterinary Care of the Horse

microscope). This reveals the extent of any inflammatory or degenerative changes in the

endometrium. Treatment can then be recommended and a prognosis for successful breeding
VetBooks.ir given. A second biopsy is taken approximately 1 month later to assess the results of
treatment.

ENDOMETRIAL ENDOSCOPY

Examination of the endometrium with an endoscope can provide the vet with valuable
information such as the presence of cysts and damage sustained during previous pregnancies.

The normal endometrium is smooth and pink in appearance. An inflamed endometrium may
appear very haemorrhagic and have adhesions which obstruct the passage of the endoscope.

The control and treatment of venereal disease

Contagious equine metritis (CEM) caused by Tayorella equigenitalis is a notifiable disease in
the UK. Any occurrence must be reported to the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA).

Investigation, further sampling and treatment is carried out by a veterinary surgeon approved
by APHA.

CLINICAL SIGNS

Most stallions carrying the disease show no outward signs. Mares may have a grey, mucoid
vulval discharge or they can also be symptomless carriers of the disease.

TRANSMISSION

The disease is transmitted:
• during mating and artificial insemination

• during teasing

• on hands or equipment if hygiene standards are poor.

DIAGNOSIS
Diagnosis is confirmed if the organism is grown on swabs from:

• the clitoral fossa and sinuses, the endometrium or vaginal discharge of mares

• the urethra, urethral fossa, penile sheath and pre-ejaculatory fluid from stallions.

The swabs must be sent to an approved laboratory.

TREATMENT
Stallions are treated by thorough cleaning of the penis with an approved antiseptic solution