Page 316 - Bank Case Studies
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earnings of $5.5 billion is peanuts. Even when fines are

               substantially increased once they are paid they are quickly

               forgotten e.g. for RBS etc. they are legacy items.

               Additionally, the fines are against the organisation and

               ultimately the shareholders but not the instigators –

               individuals are rarely held responsible.


               Perhaps if ethical practices were robust and enforceable

               and where managers were held accountable the cycle of

               corruption could be if not halted then diminished at the
               policy element.





               The Future



                A truism might be that firms always do well before they

               crash - that is the nature of a crash.


               Stress test amongst large banks show that the banks are

               robust and complying with the new regulatory landscape

               developed since 2008. However, the question to ask may be,

               how can the banks be made to work for the economy rather

               than failing more easily due in part to the regulation put in

               place?

               For example, it may be argued that low interest rates,


               austerity/recession, falling income, growth inequality, and
               income inequality leads to lop-sided recovery where the

               seeds of next financial crisis are brewing. Lending,

               particularly on credit cards, has grown substantially.

               Likewise, house prices have also been driven up. So, what is

               going to stop another GRG style scandal from happening
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