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The Ādam Paradox Hypothesis 35
SRGAP2C: Keeping Brains Plastic
SRGAP2C, a human-specific duplication, slows synaptic pruning. This keeps
brains plastic longer, extending the window for learning.
Genevieve Konopka noted:
“The SRGAP2C duplication may have given humans a neotenous brain — one that retains
juvenile plasticity into adulthood. Such plasticity is crucial for symbolic learning and
cumulative culture.
” (Konopka, 2012, p. 511)
This is quintessential software logic: a timer switch altered, yielding a
qualitatively new capacity.
Epigenetics: Dynamic Software
Beyond genes, epigenetics provided real-time fine-tuning. Gokhman et al.
(2014) reconstructed Neanderthal DNA methylation maps and found humans
regulate brain genes differently.
“DNA methylation differences between Neanderthals and modern humans involve genes
linked to brain function and development.
” (Gokhman et al., 2014, p. 216)
Epigenetics represents the most software-like layer of all: dynamic, context-
sensitive, reversible.
Table 5.2 — Hardware vs. Software