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results
Theme one: Requirements for energy management systems
For EMSs to be studied properly, the requirements of the EMSs must be understood. While keeping installation
simple and running costs low, EMSs must provide complex and customisable capabilities. Systems must provide valuable feedback and be incorporated into everyday activities (Aman et al. 2013). The seven important criteria for EMSs gleaned from the literature are listed in Table 1.
table 1: Seven important energy management system criteria
Criteria
description
authors
Monitoring
The system must give energy usage data every 15 minutes, hour, day, and week. This allows end-users to link near real-time data to energy use.
(Zhou et al. 2016; Arboleya et al. 2015)
disaggregation
Providing disaggregated data for various appliances can assist energy consumers, who frequently have misconceptions about the amount of energy used by specific appliances.
(Aman et al. 2013)
availability and accessibility
The system must provide consumers continual access to information via an intuitive interface, whether a physical device or a web or mobile gateway with remote access.
(Elzabadani et al. 2005; Sekhar et al. 2022)
data integration
EMSs must include ambient temperature, humidity, acoustics, light, consumer history data, appliance use data, and peer consumption data in addition to energy usage.
(Majdi et al. 2022)
affordability
The system should make installation simple enough to complete without assistance from a professional.
(Shah et al. 2013; Zhou et al. 2016)
Control
Devices should be under the system's control remotely, automatically, and according to programming.
(Beaudin and Zareipour 2015; Kusakana 2017; Zhou et al. 2016)
Cybersecurity and privacy
The system must authenticate all transactions to guarantee the security of user data and control functions, to prevent unauthorised access by third parties.
(Sayed and Gabbar 2018)
Intelligence and analytics
EMSs should recognise use trends and advise actions using machine learning, human-computer interaction, and big data analytics. In this way, users save the hassle of manually activating and managing every item.
(Aman et al. 2013)
Theme two: Drivers of energy management systems in residential buildings
According to the data obtained from past research, there has been a consistent increase in energy expenses in residential structures. This rise serves as the primary catalyst for implementing sustainable EMSs. The major reason for this phenomenon is an imbalance between the demand and supply of energy. The increasing population and depletion of resources have a significant impact on the high energy demand. This is because coal, which is one of the most extensively used natural resources for power production, is affected by these factors (Numbi and
Malinga 2017; Kuhe and Bisu 2020; Van Wyk et al. 2021; Yousaf et al. 2021). The combustion of fossil fuels such as coal harms the ecosystem since it serves as the primary catalyst for global warming (Trollip al. 2014; Numbi and Malinga 2017; Yousaf et al. 2021).
Due to the scarcity of supply and the high level of demand, energy providers used load shedding/power cuts to decrease the demand. This action had a significant effect in exacerbating energy poverty (Trollip et al. 2014).
The drivers for the adoption of EMSs are shown in Table 2.
78 | Proceedings of the conference on Public innovation, develoPment and sustainability