Page 18 - Central Drug Authority Annual Report 2021
P. 18

'DWD  RQ  WKH  H[WHQW  RI  VXEVWDQFH  XVH  DQG  DEXVH  LQ  6RXWK
                                                                                                                                                                                               $IULFD LV OLPLWHG  7KH VWDNHKROGHUV LQ WKH ˉHOG RI VXEVWDQFH
                                                                                                                                                                                               DEXVH  QHHG  WR  NQRZ  WKH  QDWXUH  DQG  PDJQLWXGH  RI  WKH
                                                                                                                                                                                               SUREOHP WKH\ DUH DGGUHVVLQJ  LI WKH\ DUH WR KDYH DSSURSULDWH
                                                                                                                                                                                               HYLGHQFH EDVHG LQWHUYHQWLRQV DQG UHVSRQVHV
                                                                                                                                                                                               6RXWK $IULFD GRHV QRW KDYH XSGDWHG GDWD RQ VXEVWDQFH XVH
                                                                                                                                                                                               DQG  DEXVH  7KH  ODVW  +RXVHKROG  6XUYH\  ZDV  FRQGXFWHG  LQ
                                                                                                                                                                                                      7KH  'HSDUWPHQW  RI  6RFLDO  'HYHORSPHQW  FRQGXFWHG
                                                                                                                                                                                               GHVNWRS  UHVHDUFK  RQ  WKH  H[WHQW  RI  VXEVWDQFH  DEXVH  LQ
                                                                                                                                                                                               FRPPXQLWLHV  LQ         7KH  VQDS VKRW  GDWD  FROOHFWLRQ  ZDV
                                                                                                                                                                                               FRQGXFWHG LQ      DQG      WR SDLQW WKH VLWXDWLRQ RI WKH
                                                                                                                                                                                               GUXJ SUREOHP  7KLV LQIRUPDWLRQ ZDV HYHQ VKDUHG GXULQJ WKH
                                                                                                                                                                                                QG %LHQQLDO $QWL 6XEVWDQFH $EXVH 6XPPLW  KHOG DW ,QNRVL
                                                                                                                                                                                               $OEHUW /XWKXOL ,&& 'XUEDQ  LQ .ZD=XOX 1DWDO
                                                                                                                                                                                               7KH GUXJ SUREOHP HYROYHV YHU\ UDSLGO\  IURP WKH JURZWK RI
                                                                                                                                                                                               WKH GUXJ WUDGH DQG WKH VRSKLVWLFDWHG PDQQHU LQ ZKLFK GUXJV
                                                                                                                                                                                               DUH  PDQXIDFWXUHG  DQG  GLVWULEXWHG   WKH  HPHUJHQFH  RI  QHZ
                                                                                                                                                                                               VXEVWDQFHV  ZLWK  KLJKHU  DGGLFWLYH  SURSHUWLHV   WKH  XVH  RI
                                                                                                                                                                                               WKHVH VXEVWDQFHV  LQFOXGLQJ WKH GHFUHDVLQJ DJH RI LQLWLDWLRQ
                                                                                                                                                                                               RI XVH DQG WKH RQVHW RI VXEVWDQFH XVH GLVRUGHUV EHLQJ DV ORZ
                                                                                                                                                                                               DV   \HDUV RI DJH  DV ZLOO EH VKRZQ LQ WKH VHFWLRQ EHORZ  DQG
                                                                                                                                                                                               ˉQDOO\  WKH LPSDFW WKH\ DUH KDYLQJ LQ VRFLHW\   ,W LV LPSRUWDQW
                                                                                                                                                                                               WR QRWH WKDW ZH GR QRW KDYH XS WR GDWH DQG UHOLDEOH GDWD RQ
                                                                                                                                                                                               WKH  LQFLGHQFH  RI  VXEVWDQFH  DEXVH  LQ  WKH  FRXQWU\   DQG  WKH
                                                                                                                                                                                               GDWD JLYHQ EHORZ LV PDLQO\ IURP SHUVRQV ZKR DUH DGPLWWHG
                                                                                                                                                                                               LQ WUHDWPHQW FHQWUHV RU VHHN FRPPXQLW\ EDVHG WUHDWPHQW
                                                                                                                                                                                               7KHVH  VHUYLFHV  DUH  QRW  DOZD\V  DFFHVVLEOH  WR  SHUVRQV  WKDW
                                                                                                                                                                                               QHHG  WUHDWPHQW   DQG  SUHYHQWLRQ  DQG  HDUO\  LQWHUYHQWLRQ
                                                                                                                                                                                               VWUDWHJLHV HPSOR\HG WR PDQDJH WKH FKDOOHQJHV UHODWHG WR
                                                                                                                                                                                               VXEVWDQFH DEXVH DUH HLWKHU QRW VXIˉFLHQWO\ DYDLODEOH RU QRW
                                                                                                                                                                                               TXDQWLˉHG
                                                                                                                                                                                               7KLV  UHSRUW  ZLOO  WKHUHIRUH  EH  ELDVHG  WRZDUGV  LQIRUPDWLRQ
                                                                                                                                                                                               IURP WKH 6RXWK $IULFDQ &RPPXQLW\ (SLGHPLRORJ\ 1HWZRUN
                                                                                                                                                                                               RQ 'UXJ 8VH  6$&(1'8   DQG WKH :RUOG 'UXJ 5HSRUW
                                                                                                                                                                                               7UHQGV  LQ  $OFRKRO  DQG  2WKHU  'UXJV   $2'V   XVH  DQG
                                                                                                                                                                                               DVVRFLDWHG  FRQVHTXHQFHV  DUH  PRQLWRUHG  E\  WKH  6$&(1'8
                                                                                                                                                                                               6HQWLQHO 6XUYHLOODQFH 6\VWHP  'DWD LV FROOHFWHG IURP YDULRXV
                                                                                                                                                                                               WUHDWPHQW FHQWUH VLWHV  SULYDWH DQG SXEOLF  LQ WKH FRXQWU\  $OO
                                                                                                                                                                                               WKH SURYLQFHV KDYH VLWHV IRU GDWD FROOHFWLRQ  ,Q DGGLWLRQ  GDWD
                                                                                                                                                                                               LV DOVR FROOHFWHG IURP FRPPXQLW\ EDVHG KDUP UHGXFWLRQ DQG
                                                                                                                                                                                               KHDOWK  VHUYLFHV  SURYLGHG  E\  7%  +,9  &DUH   $QRYD  +HDOWK
                                                                                                                                                                                               ,QVWLWXWH   WKH  )RXQGDWLRQ  IRU  3URIHVVLRQDO  'HYHORSPHQW
              )3'    7LQWVZDOR  +RPH  %DVHG  &DUH  DQG  WKH  8QLYHUVLW\  RI   UHSRUWHG  LQMHFWLQJ  KHURLQ  DV  D  FKRVHQ  URXWH  RI          XVHUV  7KH  KHDOWK  LPSOLFDWLRQV  RI  WKHVH  SUDFWLFHV  DUH  VHOI    3.2 Substance Abuse Trends in South Africa
                                                                                                                                                                                               UHGXFWLRQ  LQ  XQQDWXUDO  GHDWKV  LQ  WKH  FRXQWU\  IURP
             3UHWRULDȠV  'HSDUWPHQW  RI  )DPLO\  0HGLFLQHȠV   &2683   IRU   DGPLQLVWUDWLRQ  3DWLHQWV UHSRUWLQJ KHURLQ LQMHFWLQJ XVH KDV      HYLGHQW  DQG  SUHVHQW  D  FKDOOHQJH  IRU  SUDFWLWLRQHUV  WR  ˉQG      ȝ     ZHHN WR DURXQG     ZHHN GXULQJ WKH ORFNGRZQ
             SHRSOH ZKR XVH GUXJV  3:8'   7KH VHUYLFHV IRU WKH XVHUV RI   UHPDLQHG  VWDEOH  RYHU  WKH  ODVW  IHZ  \HDUV   DOWKRXJK  WKH      DSSURSULDWH  PHWKRGV  RI  LQWHUYHQWLRQ   VXLWHG  WR  WKH
             GUXJV  DUH  SURYLGHG  LQ  &DSH  7RZQ   'XUEDQ   (NXUKXOHQL    SURSRUWLRQV LQ .ZD=XOX 1DWDO ZDV KLJK DW     GXULQJ WKLV          FLUFXPVWDQFHV RI WKH XVHUV  HVSHFLDOO\ 3:,'ȠV     7KH EDQ RQ DOFRKRO VDOHV KDV VKRZQ VWULNLQJ KHDOWK EHQHˉWV
             (KODQ]HQL   -RKDQQHVEXUJ   6HGLEHQJ   3LHWHUPDULW]EXUJ   3RUW   SHULRG  ,Q WKH :&  WKH SURSRUWLRQ RI SDWLHQWV ZKR LQMHFWHG                                                        DQG YDOXDEOH OHVVRQV IRU UHJXODWLRQ  7KHUH KDYH EHHQ IHZHU
             (OL]DEHWK DQG 3UHWRULD                            KHURLQ  UHPDLQHG  VWDEOH  DW        LQ  WKH  15   *DXWHQJ                     6$&(1'8 DOVR SURYLGHG GDWD RQ WKH FRPPXQLW\ EDVHG KDUP   DOFRKRO DWWULEXWDEOH  KRVSLWDO  DGPLVVLRQV   )RU  H[DPSOH
                                                               0SXPDODQJD DQG /LPSRSR   LW LQFUHDVHG VLJQLˉFDQWO\ IURP                       UHGXFWLRQ  VHUYLFHV  SURYLGHG  E\  WKH  8QLYHUVLW\  RI  3UHWRULD    *URRWH 6FKXXU +RVSLWDO LQ &DSH 7RZQ UHSRUWHG     IHZHU
             7KHUH ZDV D VLJQLˉFDQW GHFUHDVH LQ WKH QXPEHU RI SHUVRQV      WR      DQG UHPDLQHG IDLUO\ VWDEOH LQ *3 DW     GXULQJ            ZKLFK VHHPV WR EH LPSOHPHQWHG LQ VRPH VLWHV DFURVV WKH   WUDXPD  DGPLVVLRQV   :KLOVW  RWKHU  IDFWRUV   VXFK  DV  WKH
             DGPLWWHG  IRU  WUHDWPHQW  LQ  WKH  VHFRQG  KDOI  RI         WKLV UHSRUWLQJ SHULRG                                               FRXQWU\   7KHVH  VHUYLFHV  ZHUH  NH\  LQ  PDQDJLQJ  WKH   UHVWULFWLRQV  RQ  WUDYHO   OHVV  WUDIˉF  DQG  ORFNGRZQ  SUREDEO\
              -XO\ 'HFHPEHU  IURP       WR       LQ WKH VDPH SHULRG RI                                                                       ZLWKGUDZDO V\PSWRPV H[SHULHQFHG E\ WKH KRPHOHVV 38'ȠV   FRQWULEXWHG   WKH  OLPLWDWLRQV  SODFHG  RQ  WKH  ELQJH  GULQNLQJ
                     DFURVV        WUHDWPHQW   FHQWUHV SURJUDPPHV    :KLOH LQMHFWLRQ GUXJ XVH LV QRUPDOO\ DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK KHURLQ             ZKR ZHUH UHPRYHG WR WHPSRUDU\ VKHOWHUV GXULQJ &29,'      FXOWXUH  LQ  6$   RIWHQ  LQ  GULQNLQJ  RXWOHWV  FORVH  WR  SHRSOHȠV
             *RYHUQPHQW LPSRVHG /HYHO   DOFRKRO UHVWULFWLRQV  HQIRUFHG   WKLV UHYLHZ SHULRG VDZ SDWLHQWV IURP WUHDWPHQW FHQWUHV DOVR         ORFNGRZQ   9DOXDEOH  OHVVRQV  FDQ  EH  OHDUQW  QRW  RQO\  LQ   KRPHV  ZLWK WKH DVVRFLDWHG YLROHQW HQJDJHPHQWV WKDW RIWHQ
             GXULQJ  WKH  ˉUVW  KDOI  RI         ZKLFK  FRXOG  KDYH  SRVVLEO\   UHSRUWLQJ LQMHFWLRQ RI RWKHU GUXJV VXFK DV PHWKFDWKLQRQH     UHODWLRQ  WR  RSLRLG  VXEVWLWXWLRQ  WKHUDSLHV   EXW  LQ  RWKHU   DFFRPSDQ\ LW  PRVW OLNHO\ DOVR SOD\HG D VLJQLˉFDQW UROH
             FRQWULEXWHG  WR  WKLV  GHFUHDVH   'HVSLWH  WKLV   D  JUHDWHU    &$7    0$  DQG  RYHU WKH FRXQWHU  RU  SUHVFULSWLRQ   27& 35(    FRPPXQLW\ EDVHG  PRGDOLWLHV  DV  SURYLGHG  IRU  LQ  WKH
             SURSRUWLRQ RI SDWLHQWV LQ WKH (DVWHUQ &DSH UHSRUWHG DOFRKRO   PHGLFLQHV  7KLV UHPDLQV D PDMRU FRQFHUQ VLQFH LQMHFWLRQ XVH       3UHYHQWLRQ RI DQG 7UHDWPHQW IRU 6XEVWDQFH $EXVH $FW        7KHUH  KDV  DOVR  EHHQ  D  UHGXFWLRQ  LQ  FRQWDFW  FULPH   IRU
             DV WKHLU SULPDU\ VXEVWDQFH RI XVH FRPSDUHG WR SDWLHQWV IURP   DQG VKDULQJ RI QHHGOHV LV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK KHDOWK DQG VRFLDO        $FW 1R     RI                                    H[DPSOH   DWWHPSWHG  PXUGHU  FDVHV  GURSSHG  IURP        WR
             RWKHU UHJLRQV  $ VXEVWDQWLDO GURS LQ SURSRUWLRQV ZDV QRWHG   KDUPV  VXFK  DV  +HSDWLWLV  $  DQG  RWKHU  LQIHFWLRXV  GLVHDVHV                                                           5DSH FDVHV VKRZQ LQ WKH QDWLRQDO FULPH UHJLVWHU KDV
              IURP     WR      RYHU WKLV SHULRG  %HWZHHQ      *3  DQG   PRUH  VSHFLˉFDOO\  +,9 $,'6   &OXE  GUXJV  DQG  27& 35(              $ FRQFHUQ UDLVHG LQ WKH GDWD SURYLGHG E\ 6$&(1'8 LV WKH   VKRZQ  D  GUDPDWLF  UHGXFWLRQ   ZKLOVW  GHDWKV  IURP  QDWXUDO
                   (&   RI  SHUVRQV  DFFHVVLQJ  $2'  WUHDWPHQW  VHUYLFHV   PHGLFLQHV DUH VWLOO PRUH FRPPRQ DV VHFRQGDU\ VXEVWDQFHV           DJH RI RQVHW RI GUXJ XVH  DV ZHOO DV WKH DJH DW ZKLFK SHUVRQV   FDXVHV  KDYH  UHPDLQHG  FRQVWDQW   $VVDXOW  FDVHV  GHFUHDVHG
             UHSRUWHG DOFRKRO DV WKHLU SULPDU\ VXEVWDQFH RI XVH   of use.                                                                    SUHVHQW WR WUHDWPHQW FHQWUHV IRU VXEVWDQFH DEXVH  QRWDEO\   IURP           WR      DQG  GRPHVWLF  YLROHQFH  FDVHV
                                                                                                                                             WKH :HVWHUQ &DSH  ZLWK FKLOGUHQ IURP   WR   DQG LQ DOO RWKHU   GHFUHDVLQJ E\         +RZHYHU  LW FDQ EH DVVXPHG WKDW WKH
             &DQQDELV  LV  VWLOO  WKH  PRVW  FRPPRQO\  XVHG  GUXJ   DPRQJ   7KH XVH RI 27& 35( PHGLFDWLRQV VXFK DV VOLPPLQJ WDEOHWV          SURYLQFHV  FKLOGUHQ IURP    WR    \HDUV RI DJH  7KLV FDOOV IRU   UHVWULFWLRQV RQ DQG PRYHPHQW LQ JHQHUDO GXH WR ORFNGRZQ
             \RXWK DWWHQGLQJ VSHFLDOLVW WUHDWPHQW FHQWUHV  H[FHSW LQ WKH   DQDOJHVLFV   DQG  EHQ]RGLD]HSLQHV   H J    GLD]HSDP  DQG          WKH FRXQWU\ WR KDYH WDUJHWHG LQWHUYHQWLRQV IRU FKLOGUHQ ZKR   FRXOG EH DWWULEXWHG WR WKHVH UHGXFWLRQV LQ FULPH
             :& GXULQJ WKLV SHULRG  $FURVV VLWHV  EHWZHHQ      :&  DQG   ˊXQLWUD]HSDP   FRQWLQXHG  WR  EH  DQ  LVVXH  DFURVV  VLWHV          DEXVH VXEVWDQFHV DQG WKHLU IDPLOLHV
                  *3  RI SDWLHQWV DWWHQGLQJ VSHFLDOLVW WUHDWPHQW FHQWUHV   7UHDWPHQW DGPLVVLRQV IRU 27& 35( PHGLFLQH  DV D SULPDU\ RU
             KDG  FDQQDELV  DV  WKHLU  SULPDU\  RU  VHFRQGDU\  GUXJ  RI  XVH    VHFRQGDU\ GUXJ RI XVH  ZHUH EHWZHHQ     :& DQG *3  DQG       :KLOVW WKH GDWD SURYLGHG DERYH PDLQO\ IRFXVHG RQ SDWLHQWV
             %HWZHHQ       .=1   DQG        :&   RI  SDWLHQWV  KDG        (&    'XULQJ  WKLV  UHSRUWLQJ  SHULRG              SDWLHQWV        WKDW SUHVHQW WKHPVHOYHV IRU WUHDWPHQW LQ WUHDWPHQW FHQWUHV
             FDQQDELV PDQGUD[  PHWKDTXDORQH DND ȟZKLWH SLSHȠ  DV WKHLU   DFURVV DOO VLWHV UHSRUWHG WKH QRQ  PHGLFDO XVH RI FRGHLQH           DQG GRHV QRW FRYHU WKH IXOO VSHFWUXP RI VXEVWDQFH DEXVH
             SULPDU\ RU VHFRQGDU\ GUXJ RI XVH                  ZLWK  WKH  PDMRULW\  RI  SDWLHQWV  SUHVHQWLQJ  DW  WUHDWPHQW                  GLVRUGHUV DQG 3:8'ȠV LQ WKH FRXQWU\  PRVW RI ZKRP DUH LQ
                                                               FHQWUHV LQ WKH :&  Q     DQG *3 UHJLRQV  Q                                    FRPPXQLWLHV   LW  SURYLGHV  FULWLFDO  WUHQGV  LQ  WKH  XVH  RI
             0HWKDPSKHWDPLQH   0$   UHPDLQV  WKH  PRVW  IUHTXHQWO\                                                                           VXEVWDQFHV LQ WKH FRXQWU\  SDUWLFXODUO\ DV H[WUDSRODWLRQV PD\
             UHSRUWHG SULPDU\ GUXJ E\ SDWLHQWV LQ WKH :&        IROORZHG   &$7  D V\QWKHWLF VWLPXODQW  FRQWLQXHV WR VKRZ DQ LQFUHDVH LQ      EH GUDZQ IURP WKLV GDWD DQG JHQHUDOLVHG WR WKH UHVW RI WKH
             E\  WKH  (&          $PRQJ  SDWLHQWV  XQGHU      \HDUV   WKH   PRVW SURYLQFHV SDUWLFXODUO\ LQ *DXWHQJ  WKH &HQWUDO 5HJLRQ       population.
             SURSRUWLRQ  UHSRUWLQJ  0$  DV  D  SULPDU\  RU  VHFRQGDU\    &5     )UHH  6WDWH   1RUWK  :HVW  DQG  1RUWKHUQ  &DSH   DQG
             VXEVWDQFH  RI  XVH  LQ  WKLV  UHJLRQ  ZDV        ZKLFK  LV  D   .ZD]XOX 1DWDO        SDWLHQWV  LQ  *DXWHQJ   WZHQW\ WKUHH       $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH $IULFDQ -RXUQDO RI 3ULPDU\ +HDOWK &DUH DQG
             VLJQLˉFDQW  LQFUHDVH  ZKHQ  FRPSDUHG  WR  WKH  ODVW  SHULRG    SDWLHQWV  LQ  .ZD=XOX 1DWDO  DQG  WKLUWHHQ  SDWLHQWV  LQ  WKH    )DPLO\  0HGLFLQH  LQ  6RXWK  $IULFD   6$             DGXOWV  GLH
             $FURVV VLWHV  EHWZHHQ      .=1  DQG      :&  RI SDWLHQWV   &HQWUDO UHJLRQ UHSRUWHG &$7 DV D SULPDU\ VXEVWDQFH RI XVH            DQQXDOO\  IURP  DOFRKRO DWWULEXWDEOH  FDXVHV   7KH\  IXUWKHU
             DWWHQGLQJ  VSHFLDOLVW  WUHDWPHQW  FHQWUHV  KDG  0$  DV  WKHLU       SDWLHQWV LQ *DXWHQJ     SDWLHQWV LQ .ZD=XOX 1DWDO DQG       SRVLW  WKDW  DOFRKRO  UHODWHG  KDUP  FDQ  EH  UHGXFHG  E\
             SULPDU\  RU  VHFRQGDU\  GUXJ  RI  XVH   7KH  SURSRUWLRQ  RI      SDWLHQWV LQ WKH &5 UHSRUWHG &$7 DV D SULPDU\                   LQWHUYHQWLRQV   VXFK  DV  WD[DWLRQ   JRYHUQPHQW  PRQRSROLVLQJ
             DGPLVVLRQV  IRU  FRFDLQH  UHPDLQHG  IDLUO\  ORZ  DQG  VWDEOH                                                                    UHWDLO VDOHV  RXWOHW GHQVLW\ UHVWULFWLRQ  KRXUV RI VDOHV DQG DQ
             DFURVV DOO VLWHV  &RFDLQH LV PRVWO\ UHSRUWHG DV D VHFRQGDU\   3RO\ VXEVWDQFH  XVH  UHPDLQV  KLJK  DFURVV  SURYLQFHV   ZLWK      DGYHUWLVLQJ  EDQ   D  YLHZ  DOVR  KHOG  E\  WKH  :RUOG  +HDOWK
             VXEVWDQFH  RI  XVH   %HWZHHQ     :&   DQG        .=1   RI   EHWZHHQ      .=1  DQG      :&  RI SDWLHQWV LQGLFDWLQJ WKH           2UJDQLVDWLRQ
             SDWLHQWV LQ WUHDWPHQW KDG FRFDLQH DV D SULPDU\ RU VHFRQGDU\   XVH  RI  PRUH  WKDQ  RQH  VXEVWDQFH   2YHUDOO   DQG  DFURVV  DOO
             GUXJ  RI  XVH   UHPDLQLQJ  VWDEOH  DFURVV  VLWHV   5HODWLYHO\  IHZ   UHJLRQV      RI SDWLHQWV SUHVHQWHG ZLWK D GXDO GLDJQRVLV IRU   6$ LQVWLWXWHG D VHULHV RI ORFNGRZQV WR PDQDJH DQG PLWLJDWH
             SDWLHQWV \RXQJHU WKDQ    \HDUV ZHUH DGPLWWHG IRU FRFDLQH   QRQFRPPXQLFDEOH  GLVHDVH  DW  WUHDWPHQW  DGPLVVLRQ   0RVW            WKH LPSDFW RI WKH SDQGHPLF  $PRQJVW WKH PHDVXUHV WDNHQ
             UHODWHG SUREOHPV                                  SDWLHQWV  UHSRUWHG  PHQWDO  KHDOWK  SUREOHPV  DW  WKH  WLPH  RI               ZHUH WKH SURKLELWLRQ RI DOFRKRO VDOHV   UHVWULFWLRQV RQ VDOHV
                                                               DGPLVVLRQ          IROORZHG  E\  K\SHUWHQVLRQ         DQG                     RI DOFRKRO LQ SDUWLFXODU HVWDEOLVKPHQWV DQG FXUIHZV  7KHVH
             1\DRSH  DQG  :RQJD  KDYH  EHHQ  LQFRUSRUDWHG  LQWR  WKH   UHVSLUDWRU\  GLVHDVHV  DQG          3URYLQFLDO  YDULDWLRQV  DUH       PHDVXUHV ZHUH LQWURGXFHG WR UHGXFH SUHVVXUH RQ HPHUJHQF\
             KHURLQ UHODWHG DGPLVVLRQ FDWHJRU\ WR LPSURYH WKH DFFXUDF\   KRZHYHU  HYLGHQW   IRU  LQVWDQFH   D  KLJKHU  SURSRUWLRQ  RI        FDUH XQLWV LQ SXEOLF KHDOWK IDFLOLWLHV WR SUHYHQW WKHP IURP
             RI KHURLQ VXUYHLOODQFH  EXW PRUH GHWDLO ZLOO EH JLYHQ EHORZ    SHUVRQV  VXIIHULQJ  IURP  PHQWDO  KHDOWK  SUREOHPV  DQG          EHLQJ RYHUZKHOPHG E\ WKH LQFUHDVLQJ QXPEHU RI &29,'
             +HURLQ XVH UHPDLQV D SUREOHP DFURVV PRVW VLWHV  +HURLQ ZDV   K\SHUWHQVLRQ ZHUH IRXQG LQ *3  DFFRXQWLQJ IRU     DQG              FDVHV  2QH FHUWDLQW\ LV WKDW WKH SURKLELWLRQ RI DOFRKRO VDOHV
             WKH  VHFRQG  PRVW  XVHG  VXEVWDQFH  XVHG  LQ  *3           UHVSHFWLYHO\  7KH  UHSRUW  DOVR  RXWOLQHV  D  KLJK  LQFLGHQFH  RI    LQ  6RXWK $IULFD  KDV  UHGXFHG  SUHVVXUH  RQ  HPHUJHQF\  FDUH
             0SXPDODQJD DQG /LPSRSR SURYLQFHV       DQG .=1          RWKHU FR PRUELGLWLHV LQFOXGLQJ K\SHUWHQVLRQ  KHSDWLWLV  +,9             XQLWV  DQG  ORZHUHG  LQMXU\  DQG  PRUWDOLW\  7KLV  KDV  OHG  WR  D
             IROORZLQJ FDQQDELV XVH  0RVW SDWLHQWV UHSRUWHG VPRNLQJ DV   DQG  $,'6   DQG  RWKHUV   ,QWUDYHQRXV  GUXJ  XVH  LV  JDLQLQJ       VKDUS  UHGXFWLRQ  SUHVVXUH  RQ  HPHUJHQF\  FDUH  XQLWV  DQG
             WKHLU PHWKRG RI XVH  ZLWK D VPDOO SURSRUWLRQ RI SDWLHQWV ZKR   SUHYDOHQFH  HVSHFLDOO\ DPRQJVW KHURLQ  :RQJD DQG 1\DRSH          ORZHUHG  LQMXU\  DQG  PRUWDOLW\   7KLV  KDV  OHG  WR  D  VKDUS
     16                                Annual Report 2020/2021 Central Drug Authority
   13   14   15   16   17   18   19   20   21   22   23