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2. Answer = False; Rationale: This presentation provided evidence of parenteral nutrition producing similar
outcomes as enteral nutrition during the perioperative period, improvements of lean body mass in
pancreatic cancer and positive Function/Performance scores increasing survival in incurable cancer
patients.

3. Answer = True; Rationale: Cheung et al described the association of hyperglycemia and poor outcomes
in patients receiving parenteral nutrition.

References
1. Klek S, Sierzega M, Szykinski P, et al. Perioperative nutrition in malnourished surgical cancer patients-a

prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr 30;708-713, 2011
2. Pelzer U, Arnold D, Govercin M, et al. Parenteral nutrition support for patients with pancreatic cancer. Results

of a phase II study. BMC Cancer 2010;10:86-90.
3. Chermish I, Mashiach T, Annil A, et al. Home parenteral nutrition (HTPN) for incurable patients with cancer

with gastrointestinal obstruction. Do the benefits outweigh the risks? Med Oncol 2011;28:83-88.
4. Worthington P, Balint J, Bechtold M, et al. When is parenteral nutrition appropriate? JPEN J Parenteral and

Enteral Nutrition 2017;41:324-377.
5. ASPEN. Appropriate Dosing for Parenteral Nutrition. ASPEN Recommendations. January 2019.

http://www.nutritioncare.org/PNDosing
6. Cheung NW, Zaccaria C, Napier B, Fletcher JP. Hyperglycemia is associated with adverse outcomes in

patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. Diabetes Care 28:2367-2371, 2005.
7. Rosmarin DK, Wardlaw GM, Mirtallo J. Hyperglycemia associated with high, continuous infusion rates of total

parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 11:151-156, 1996.
8. Pleva M, Mirtallo JM, Steinberg SM. Hyperglycemic events in non-intensive care unit patients receiving

parenteral nutrition. Nutr Clin Pract 24: 626-634, 2009.
9. Russell MK, Wischmeyer PV. Supplemental parenteral nutrition: review of the literature and current nutrition

guidelines. Nutr Clin Pract 2018;33:359-369.
10. Oshima T, Heidegger C-P, Pichard C. Supplemental parenteral nutrition is the key to prevent energy deficits

in critically ill patients. Nutr Clin Pract 2016;31:432-437.

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