Page 210 - Nutrition Counseling and Education Skills: A Guide for Professionals

postmenopausal women on a healthy diet with adequate calcium content to promote strong bones is another
area of high interest in preventive adult nutrition.31

The nutrition professional must keep current on existing and evolving research in the area of nutrition.
Food patterns, such as the Mediterranean diet and low glycemic index, are more extensively studied. Novel
food patterns and complementary medicine health practices will require evaluation by the nutrition
professional prior to conversations with clients.

1. Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake.
4. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all.

Table 9-1 ■ 2015 to 2020 Dietary Guidelines

Adults, Age 65 Years and Older

The aging of the global and US population presents challenges to families, policy makers, and healthcare
providers. Many older adults enjoy a standard of living and increased life span unknown a century ago. These
older adults also have more concurrent medical conditions requiring nutrition counseling to remain healthy or
to lower the risk of complications.

Today’s older Americans are generally better educated than previous generations. This factor can influence
socioeconomic status, health, and quality of life. Many continue to live independently. A large majority enjoy
social contacts with friends and relatives, including activities such as going to restaurants for meals. Although
economic resources are sufficient for many, there are significant disparities in income and wealth that may
create food insecurity. A new trend for older adults is choosing to live within healthcare communities such as
assisted living where some meals are provided each day. Others will spend a decade or more in long-term care
communities where all meals and medications may be provided.

In general, older Americans need to be assessed by functional status rather than age alone. Independent and
active older adults may still be working part-time, with few health issues. Others may be living with limited
independence, serious health problems, or disabilities. The evaluation focus of each older adult needs to be
individualized to their unique needs.

Counseling Strategies

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