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• World Wide Web—A connected world. Cultures and nations and the events within them
grow less isolated as time progresses.
• “History Repeats Itself”—A key concept that applies to a number of situations. Gives
students the chance to explore a phrase they may already know.
• Rulers and Underdogs—Two groups that can be applied to any culture. Particularly
useful for revolutions, world wars, ancient civilizations, and explaining how shifts of power are
a driving force through history.

Review

• Make history more manageable by employing visual devices, such as time lines,
graphs, maps, and charts.
• Know how to use and interpret primary and secondary sources.
• Look for multiple causes and effects surrounding historical events.
• Make connections between past and current events—help students relate the events of
their lives to events in the past.
• Use overarching ideas and key principles to tie major events together—for example,
intense nationalism as a major cause for political and military conflict.

Recommended Resources

Economics. (Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue): McGraw-Hill, 2001.

Geography: Realms, Regions, and Concepts. (HJ de Blij, Peter O. Muller): Wiley, 2003.

Using Internet Primary Sources to Teach Critical Thinking Skills in History . (Kathleen W. Craver):
Greenwood Press, 1999.

Number Sense & Algebra

Numbers

Lesson Objective

The following lessons will examine whole numbers, rational and irrational numbers, integers, and their
attendant operations. We’ll also review prime factorizations, divisibility rules, and other basic topics pertaining
to numbers.

Numbers, Numbers Everywhere

For some of you, it’s been a long time since you’ve darkened the doorway of a math classroom. And even
for those of you who have a math background, it’s helpful to review some of these key concepts from the
ground up. So, let’s start at mathematics’ atomic level: numbers. Mathematicians have created a dizzying
array of numbers—imaginary, surreal, and transcendental, to name just a few. Fortunately for us, we only
need to learn the basics. The diagram below shows the sets of numbers that we’ll review here.