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                        The Annual Appears Before Princes.
    abundantly  generous.  In  other  cases  material  interests were
    involved, as in a subscription of £1,000 in 1882, and further suras of
    £500 in 1883 and £500 in 1884, toward the expenses of promoting
    the Manchester Ship Canal.  For similar reasons money was granted
    to oppose a bridge over the Humber, likely to impede navigation to
    and from Goole.
       In 1880 the C.W.S. first issued its Annual.  At first it adopted
    the simple device of buying two thousand copies of  Whittaker,
    and binding  its own additional pages.
                                        In 1882 Wilham Nuttall
    was asked to edit the Annual as a special pubhcation, and three
    thousand copies  of a book  of nearly  six hundred pages were
    circulated in 1883.  The cost was over £900, and this was dulv
    questioned.  The chairman's defence that the expense represented
    money spent by the co-operative community in its own service
    and well spent —  proved successful.  In 1884 the Annual readied a
    record size of nearly nine hundred pages.  This was considered
    a httle too informative.  On December 27th, 1883, WilUam Nuttall
    sailed from Tilbury to settle in AustraUa, and the Committee decided
    that under the new arrangements the next issue should not exceed
    five hundred pages.  It numbered few more, while including, for
    the  first time, signed articles on social and industrial subjects.
    Among nearly twenty contributors were A. H. D. Acland, Thorold
    Rogers,  Professor Marshall, Hughes, Holyoake, George Howell,
    Dr. Watts, and Messrs. Burt, Bolton King, and George Hines.
    In 1887 the " harmony and perfect good feeling "  existing between
    the Enghsh and Scottish Wholesale Societies enabled the latter to
    share the pubhcation. A copy of the first special issue of 1883 was
    sent to Queen Victoria, and another to Edward VII. as Prince of
    Wales, and both produced unexpectedly full repUes.  Sir Henry
    Ponsonby wrote  :
      The Queen is glad to learn of the success of a movement which not only
    encourages thrift, but which also teaches the habits of business and promotes
    education among so large and important a body of her people.
    By command   of the  Prince, Lord—then  Sir Francis—Knollys
    wrote  :
      I am further directed to assiu:e you that the Prince has read with  tlio
    greatest interest the details of the working of the Society with which you have
    supplied him, and he is anxious to express the extreme gratification which lio
    experiences in finding that so large a body of the working men of this country
    are united  in a determination  to  benefit themselves,  both morally and
    physically, by endeavoiu-ing to carry out a scheme which his Royal Higlmesa
    conceives is admirably adapted to raise the standard of their knowledge and
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