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                        CHAPTER XVI.
             Depots and Salerooms West and East.

   Pioneers in Soutli Wales—A New Demand—The Beginning; at Bristol—The
     West of England—And South Wales—The C.W.S. at Cardiff—The New
     Bristol Depot—Northants and the Northampton Depot—The Salerooms
     at Huddersfield, Nottingham, Birmingham, and Blackburn—Years 1873-
     1912.
   ALTHOUGH the Plymouth Society led the movement which
        finally brought the C.W.S. to Bristol,  it is to the Abex'dare
   Society in South Wales that the credit of a pioneer effort belongs.
   In the Co-operative News of May  17th,  1873,  it was reported
   that  :
     Since the establishment of the Co-operative News and its circulation in South
   Wales an agitation has commenced for the formation of a branch of the
   WTiolesale Society at Cardiff, Bristol, or neighbourhood.  Several quarterly
   conferences have been held for the purpose of considering this question,
   commencing first with a few leading members of the Aberdare stores, and
   gradually extending until now the meetings approach the magnitude of those
   conferences held in other counties, more especially Durham and Newcastle
   districts, whose active promoters are busily engaged in the same trades, namely,
   coal miners and iron workers.
      The fathers of South Wales co-operation were David Thomas and
   John Rees,  of Cwmbach, to whom the news of Rochdale came
   through a series of letters by William Watkins, of London, which
   appeared in Reynolds^s News'pa'per in 1859:  so we learn from an
   interesting Congress souvenir sketch, by Mr. Evan Jones, of the
   Cwmbach Society's origins. Cwmbach is situated only a little below
   Aberdare in the same valley; yet the movement did not take root
   in the latter town until 1 868-9.  It then struck into the soil vigorously.
   In 1873, besides circulating the News, the Aberdare Society was
   aiding its members dm'ing a strike by allowing withdrawals, and also
   making advances upon security. And on February 11th, 1873, the
   Aberdare co-operators informed the Wholesale Society that they
   would take up six shares in the federation  "  on the condition that
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