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INFORMATION AND COMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY GYAMFI SERIES

INTRODUCTION TO PERSONAL COMPUTER

COMPUTER is an electronic device that accepts data, processing it and brings out data as information
and store the information for future retrieval.
WHAT IS ICT?

ICT (INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY, OR TECHNOLOGIES)

ICT, or information and communications technology (or technologies), is the infrastructure and components
that enable modern computing. Although there is no single, universal definition of ICT, the term is generally
accepted to mean all devices, networking components, applications and systems that combined allow people
and organizations (i.e., businesses, nonprofit agencies, governments and criminal enterprises) to interact in the
digital world.

INFORMATION PROCESSING: Is the use of computer to interpret/organize/process data into a
meaningful outcome.

DATA: are unprocessed facts, numbers, letters or symbols that are given to computer to process into
something meaningful.

INFORMATION: is a data which has been processed, classified, organized or interpreted within a
framework or context so that meaning emerges. OR

It is a processed data.
THE INFORMATION PROCESSING CYCLE
Information processing cycle is the systematic process whereby data is converted into meaningful
information.
All computers perform 5 basic operations that is: Input, processing, output, storage and communication
(IPOSC cycle)
input →processing → output → storage →communication or distribution.
Note: information processing cycle can be completed without communication or distribution stage.
Data stage, this is the first stage of the information processing cycle. At this stage raw or human
readable
data is entering raw data into computer for processing. The devices used at this stage are: keyboard,
joystick, mouse, scanner, digital camera, web camera etc.
Processing stage: at this stage, data that are inputted into the computer are organized, manipulated and
structured to become information. Here the computer recognizes the machine readable data in the
binary
format. The device that process the data at this stage is system unit (central processing unit).
The central processing unit C.P.U is the brain and heart of the computer. It performs all the
calculations
and manipulations of the computer. The C.P.U is located inside the system unit. Examples of
processors
are; Pentium, Core Duo, and centurion.
Output stage; at this stage the computer brings outcome of the data processed by the computer system.
The output device translates the binary digit into meaningful and processed fact on the computer which
can be read and understood by human beings. Devices used are; monitor printer and speaker.

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