Page 478 - Green - Maritime Archaeology: A Technical Handbook. 2nd ed

Index
457
Deepwater Graveyard
and aerial magnetometer, 73 GIS, 71f
Depth gauge, in profiling, 117
Depth reference points, Site Surveyor, 125 DGPS, see Differential Global Positioning
System
Differential Global Positioning System
example, 44f overview, 45–46 position plots, 47f
Digital cameras
advantages underwater, 231 for artifact photography, 328 for field photography, 217–218
Digital collections, in artifact photography, 341–344
Digital images, for artifact photography collections, 343–344
Dilution of precision, in differential GPS, 46
Dip pens, for artifact drawing, 296 Direct survey method system, 121–122 Distance-angle method, in profiling, 112 Distance-angle survey
accuracies, 92
basic system, 91–92
protractor option, 92, 94
reciprocal vs. forward bearings, 92 Santo Antonio de Tanna wreck site, 93f
Distance measuring system, and theodolite system, 41
Diver charter
interest group identification in CRM,
377
marine-based CRM programs, 383–384
DOP, see Dilution of precision
Draft Convention for the Protection of
Underwater Cultural Heritage, 404–406 Drawing, artifact, see Artifact drawing Drawing box
basic use, 299–300
diameter measuring, 301
direct measurement impossibilities, 301 small retractable steel tape, 300–301 standard example, 299f
DSM system, see Direct survey method system
DVDs, for artifact photography collections, 342
E
Echo sounder
wreck trace, 75f
for wreck location, 74
Education
in cultural resource management, 387–388 and underwater cultural heritage, 369
Egypt, historical material, 355–356 Electronic position fixing systems, overview,
41
Ephemeris errors, in GPS, 49 Errors
in acoustic survey, 150–151
in GPS, 49
Site Surveyor position error, 123–124
EXACT acoustic positioning system, overview, 132
Excavation
airlift, 251–255
air probe, 258
communication during, 244–246 definition, 235
experience, 234–235
general considerations, 234 geographical information systems, 213 grid frames, 237–242
planning process, 236
predisturbance survey, 236–237 prop-wash, 258–259
recording during
bag and tag, 277–278
bulk objects and loose finds, 278–279 chainsaw, 265–267
equipment carrying, 260–261 explosives, 267
fragile objects, 279–280
grid system, 275–277
lifting, 267–273
overview, 259–260, 274–275
plastic bags, 278
registration in situ, 275
sketch plan, 278
tools, 261–265
writing slates, 260
simple approaches, 236 standards, 235
and stratigraphy, 243–244 tools and equipment, 259 water dredge, 255–258