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Unit 7 Past simple                                                 Unit 8 Past continuous



           Affirmative                                                        Affirmative
           l/you/he/she/it/we/they played                                     I was singing
                                                                              you / we / they were singing
           Negative
                                                                              he / she / it was singing
           l/you/he/she/it/we/they didn't play
                                                                              Negative
           Questions
                                                                              I wasn't singing
           Did I / you / he / she / it / we / they play?                      you / we / they weren t singing
                                                                                                     '
                                                                              he / she / it wasn't singing
           Short answers
                                                                              Questions
           Yes, I / you / he / she / it /  No, I / you / he / she / it /
                                                          '
           we/they did.                   we /they didn t .                   Was I singing?
                                                                              Were you / we / they singing?
                                                                              Was he / she / it singing?
          Past simple: be                                                     Short answers


           Affirmative I                                                      Yes, I was.                    No, I wasn't.
                                                                                                             No,you / we/they
                                                                              Yes, you / we / they were.
           I / he/she/it        was                                                                          weren't.
                                                                              Yes, he/she/it was.
                                                                                                             No, he/she/it wasn't.
           you / we / they      were

                                                                              For the spelling rules of the -ing form, see page 173.
           Negative ¡

           I / he/she/it        wasn t
                                     '
                                                                             Unit 9 Present perfect
           you / we / they      weren't
                                                                                                            regular         irregular j
           Questions J                                                        Affirmative 1

           Was          I/he/she/it...?
                                                                              1 / you / we / they've
                                                                                                            worked          written
           Were        you / we /they...?                                     he/she/it's
           Short answers 1                                                    Negative 1


                                          No, 1 wasn't.                       1 / you / we / they haven't
           Yes, 1 was.                                                                                      worked          written
                                          No, you /we /they                   he / she / it hasn't
           Yes, you / we / they were.
                                                 '
                                          weren t .                         1 Questions 1
           Yes, he / she / it was.
                                          No, he / she / it wasn't.
                                                                              Have 1/you / we/they
                                                                                                            worked?         written?
                                                                              Has he/she/it
                                                                            I Short answers


                                                                              Yes, 1 / you / we / they           No, 1 / you / we / they
                                                                              have.                              haven't.
                                                                              Yes, he / she / it has.            No, he/she/it hasn't.


                                                                              Past participles of regular verbs are the same as the past
                                                                              simple -ed form. For spelling rules of regular -ed forms,
                                                                              see Unit 7 page 35.

                                                                              There are no rules for irregular past participles.They
                                                                              are often different from the past simple form. You must
                                                                              learn each one individually. See the list on page 176.




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