rS = ar + ar + ar + ....+ ar n− 2 + ar n− 1 + ar n − 2 3 n S = a + ar + ar + .... + ar n− 2 + ar n− 1 2 n rS − S = ar − a n n n ) (r − S n (r − 1 = a n ) 1 n a (r − ) 1 S = n r − 1 untuk r 1