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Gerunds E Read these sentences and underline the bare infinitives.
1 She must do a seminar on language teaching.
A Look at the gerunds in bold in these sentences.
2 He can't decide what to study at university.
How are gerunds form ed?
3 I would rather go out than stay in tonight.
a John is interested in studying biology, 4 We had better be careful when using this machine.
b The teacher avoids shouting at students,
с It isn't worth revising all night for a test, Complete the rule.
d She loves swimming, We use bare infinitives after verbs and
e Surfing the Net is his favourite pastime. the phrases________________ and

fe Read the sentences in A again and answer Gerund or Infinitive?
j the questions below. Which sentence(s)
G Read the sentences and underline the gerund and full
include(s) an example of
infinitives.
1 a gerund after a verb or phrase? j | [
a Scientists have begun to research new ways of
2 a gerund after a preposition? J ]
communication.
3 a gerund used as the subject of a Scientists have begun researching new ways of
sentence? [_] communication,
4 a gerund used as the object of a sentence? [ J b The teacher stopped to write on the board.
The teacher stopped writing on the board.
Irfinitives
H Read the sentences in G again. In which pair of
|C Read the sentences. W hat do the words in sentences does the meaning of the sentences
bold all have in common? 1 stay the same? Q 2 change? Q

1 He was too busy to go out.
I Look at the full infinitive and the gerund in bold in these
2 James wants to become an engineer.
sentences and answer the questions below.
3 They went to the exhibition to see the latest
inventions. a Sam remembered calling his professor,
b Sam remembered to call his professor.
4 Jenny was very happy to finish university this year.
In which sentence did Sam
Match the sentences in С with the uses of the
1 first remember something and then an event happened? |_j
full infinitive below.
We use the full infinitive 2 remember an event after it happened? ;
a to express purpose.
b after adjectives such as afraid, scared, happy, О Grammar Focus pp.171 & 172 (11.2 to 11.6)
glad, sad, etc. Г
с after the words too and enough. |
d after certain verbs and phrases.

Complete the text with the gerund or the correct form of the К Circle the correct words.
infinitive of the verbs in brackets.
1 Some students can't afford
going / to go to university.
~ture as a blackboard 2 I don't feel like to study / studying
uld you like (1 ) _____________ (go) to a school that doesn't when the weather is warm.
ect students (2 ) . __ __________ _ (be) in class all day? What 3 Jason was glad to learn / learning
(dent wouldn't enjoy (3)________ ________(attend) such a school that he had passed his exams.
it existed? 4 She'd better get / to get some
fell, at Southern Cross School near South Africa's famous Kruger advice on her studies.
itional Park, you can (4)____________________ (do) just that. Teachers
5 It's no use staying / to stay up all
nd children spend time in nature (5)____________________ (look) for night studying.
ings that can be used (6 ) (study) anything from
6 Teachers should be prepared
aths and science to language. For example, young students learn how
to answer / answering students'
to count by (7) (count) how many different animals
me to drink water during the night. Students can't help questions.
_________________ (become) involved in their lessons. 7 The children are too young
attending / to attend these classes.
is school aims (9). (teach) students the importance
of (1 0 ) ____________ (care) for the natural environment and the 8 Is she interested in train / training to
bool's motto is 'Southern Cross is a School for the Planet'. become a photographer?

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