Page 34 - Libro 2

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PART 1 — INTRODUCTION TO THE VASCULAR SYSTEM
short distance and bifurcates again into the posterior tibial and peroneal arteries. The anterior tibial ar- tery passes through an opening in the interosseous membrane, then proceeds distally in the anterior compartment of the leg. It continues anterior to the ankle joint and becomes the dorsalis pedis artery. The posterior tibial artery courses medially in the posterior compartment of the leg. It runs behind the medial malleolus and terminates into the medial and lateral plantar arteries. The peroneal artery is located deep within the leg and descends along the medial aspect of the fibula. It terminates into branches that communicate with the posterior and anterior tibial arteries. The arteries of the foot include the medial and lateral plantar and dorsalis pedis arteries, which all help to give rise to the plantar arch. Arising off the plantar arch are the metatarsal arteries, which divide into the digital arteries.
The veins of the leg have both deep and su- perficial systems. The dorsal venous arch of the foot joins into the great saphenous vein (GSV) just anterior to the medial malleolus. The GSV is
Common tibial trunk Great saphenous vein
Perforating veins Medial malleolus
Popliteal vein
Common peroneal trunk
Soleal veins
Peroneal veins
Posterior tibial veins
Figure 1-25 Diagram of the orientation of the peroneal and posterior tibial veins of the calf.
the longest vein in the body. It ascends the leg medially with several tributaries emptying into the GSV before it terminates into the common femoral vein at the saphenofemoral junction (Fig. 1-24). The small saphenous vein (SSV) begins as
Inguinal ligament
Common femoral vein
Lateral accessory saphenous vein
Popliteal vein
Small saphenous vein
Lateral marginal vein Dorsal venous arch
External iliac vein
Medial accessory saphenous vein
Great saphenous vein
Perforating veins (Dodd’s)
Popliteal perforating veins
Perforating veins (Boyd’s)
Perforating veins (Sherman’s)
Perforating veins (Cockett’s)
Medial marginal vein Dorsal metatarsal veins
Dorsal digital veins
Inguinal ligament Common femoral vein
Profunda femoral vein
Small saphenous vein
Anterior tibial veins Peroneal veins
Great saphenous vein
Femoral vein
Popliteal vein
Posterior tibial veins
Figure 1-24 Diagram of the superficial veins of the leg.
Lateral plantar vein Medial plantar vein Plantar venous arch Plantar metatarsal vein
Plantar digital veins
Figure 1-26 Diagram of the lower extremity deep venous system.