Page 43 - Medical Parasitology_ A Textbook ( PDFDrive )
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Leishmania tropica Complex 35
2. Culture
Tissue specimens or blood are cultured in NNN medium.
3. Animal inoculation
4. Serodiagnosis
5. Molecular diagnosis
PCR on clinical specimens.
6. Skin test
Leishmanin skin test (Montenegro test).
Diagnosis of PKDL
Biopsy of nodular lesions to demonstrate amastigotes in stained sections. The
biopsy material can be cultured or inoculated into animals.
Treatment
1. Pentavalent antimonials compound given intravenously or intramuscularly.
Sodium stibogluconate (20 mg/kg daily for 28 days) and meglumine antimoniate
are the drugs of choice.
2. Amphotericin B
3. Paromomycin
4. Miltefosine
Treatment of PKDL is the same as that for visceral leishmaniasis.
Prevention and Control
1. Early detection and treatment of cases
2. Insecticide spraying
3. Control of animal reservoir hosts in cases of zoonotic kala azar
4. Use of protective clothing, bed nets, window mesh or insect repellants
Leishmania tropica Complex
It includes 3 species:
1. Leishmania tropica
2. Leishmania major
3. Leishmania aethiopica
These species cause old world cutaneous leishmaniasis (oriental sore).
