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Plate 16a: Gmelina arborea used as boundary markers in a living fence

Plate 16b: Gmelina arborea used as boundary markers in a living fence

Areas where the practice is relevant

This practice is relevant for most farming systems except on irrigation
schemes and in the most arid areas. Fences are more important where
livestock graze and hedges elsewhere.

Establishment and spacing

Very many individual shrubs are required to make a fence or a hedge.
Thus the propagation method must be simple and cheap. Direct seed
sowing or use of cuttings (depending on species) is primarily
recommended, but for Dovyalis caffra and cypress it may be better to
raise seedlings in an on-farm nursery since they have small seeds and
are relatively slow starters.