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A natural or artificially applied layer of plant residues or other
materials such as stones, sand, paper or brush on the surface of
the soil.

A covering of plant material put on the soil to improve its fertility,
moisture retention capacity and organic content.

A loose surface horizon that forms naturally or may be produced
by cultivation and consists of either inorganic or organic
materials.

permaculture
'Permanent agriculture'. The design and maintenance of
sustainable, ecologically favorable, energy efficient agricultural
and horticultural systems. The concept includes not only
agroforestry but the integration of organic farming principles and
intermediate technology, the use of renewable resources and
recycling, the exploitation of biodiversity, conservation and habitat
protection, as well as social and institutional well-being. It can be
applied to urban as well as rural environments.

Recreation Forestry
It is the practice of forestry with the object of raising flowering
trees and shrubs mainly to serve as recreation forests for the
urban and rural population. This type of forestry is also known as
Aesthetic forestry which is defined as the practice of forestry with
the object of developing or maintaining a forest of high scenic
value.

Rehabilitation of degraded forest
The degraded area under forests needs immediate attention for
ecological restoration and for meeting the socio-economic needs of
the communities living in and around such areas.

Sequential cropping
A pattern of multicropping in which one crop follows another on
the same land without any break (continuous cropping =
continuous land occupancy) or with a break (intermittent cropping
= intermittent land occupancy).

Growing more than one crop on the same piece of land with each
seasonal crop component being grown during a different time of
the year. Related term: simultaneous cropping

shelterbelt
belt of trees and or shrubs maintained for the purpose of shelter
from wind, sun, snow drift, etc.